1. Asexual Reproduction aka MITOSIS!
In asexual reproduction, cell division results in 2 identical “daughter” cells being produced from a “parent” parent cell
Each human cell has 46 chromosomes in its nucleus

2. Cell Cycle - Mitosis
10% of cell life cycle
The cell undergoes cell division
In humans, millions of cells divide every second to maintain a total of ~60 trillion cells, 6.0 x 10 13
- some divide once a day (skin & hair and stomach) and some not at all (nerve & muscle cells)

3. Mitosis Stages Mitosis phases: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Mitosis is a continual
process, but we divide it
into 4 phases
Mitosis phases:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

4. 1. Prophase
-chromatin condenses into
distinct duplicated chromosomes
-Nuclear membrane begins to disintegrate
-In animal cells organelles called
centrioles move to opposite sides
of the cell (“poles”)
-Astral rays (microtubles) form
around
centrioles

5. Draw a prophase diagram
Be sure to label:
Sister chromatids/ chromosomes
Centrioles
Astral rays
Nuclear memebrane
Draw a prophase diagram
Centrioles
Astral Rays
Made of 2 sister chromatids, attached by a centromere
Nuclear membrane disintegrates

6. Early Prophase

7. Late Prophase

8. Step 2:
Metaphase
-Chromosomes line up at
equator and centromere
attaches to spindle fibers
At the end of this phase
the centromere splits
separating the sister
chromatids
Nuclear membrane
disappears

9. Draw a diagram Be sure to label: Centromere Equatorial plate
Spindle fibers
Centriole
Spindle Fibres
Centrioles
Centromere
Equatorial Plate

10. METAPHASE

11. Metaphase: Spindle Fibers

12. Step 3: Anaphase
-The spindle fibers contract, pulling the chromosomes (sister chromatids) to the
opposite poles of the
cell
-Centromeres divide

13. Draw a diagram Be sure to include: Sister chromatids Spindle fibres
Centromere
Centrioles
Centrioles
Centromere is split

14. ANAPHASE

15. Step 4: Telophase
Chromatids reach opposite poles; spindle and astral rays disappear
Chromosomes unwind back into chromatin
Nuclear membrane begins to reform
Cell membrane pinches in the middle to begin Cytokinesis

16. Draw a diagram Be sure to liable: Part A: Cleavage furrow
Nuclear membrane
Part B:
Daughter cells
Chromatin
Daughter cells
Chromatin
Nuclear membrane

17. TELOPHASE

18. INTERPHASE
PROPHASE

19. TELOPHASE & CYTOKINESIS
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE & CYTOKINESIS
Metaphase plate
Cleavage furrow
Nucleolus forming
Nuclear envelope forming
Daughter chromosomes
Spindle

20. Metaphase
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

21. Animals Versus Plants There are 2 main differences in cell division
Plants do not contain centrioles
They contain microtubules that create many of the same proteins (spindles), they just don’t have the centrioles
2. Plants do not undergo cytokinesis
- Instead a cell plate forms at the equator of the cell to form a new cell wall

22. Cytokinesis Animal Cytokinesis Plant Cytokinesis Cleavage furrow
Cell Plate