1. Salvage of a Failing Bifurcated Bipolar Epicardial Lead With Conductor Fracture 
Alexander Rusanov, MD, Henry M. Spotnitz, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 90, Issue 2, Pages (August 2010)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Schematic representation of the Medtronic 4968 Bipolar Epicardial Pacing Lead with steroid eluting buttons shows the lead repair process. Unipolar testing at the ring (anode; dashed black line) and the tip (cathode; solid gray line) showed the anode conductor was functional, but the cathode was not. Traction on the cathode conductor caused it to come free from within the insulation, indicating a fracture of the conductor near the heart. The anode segment was divided, and a new lead tip was spliced on and connected to the generator. The cathode segment was divided and sealed.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions