1. Cardio-vascular system

2. Measure your heart beats per minute
How many beats per minute should your heart beat at?

3. The Cardiovascular System?
There are two parts to the cardiovascular system
Cardio
The heart = pumps the blood around the body
Vascular
The blood vessels divided into veins, = arteries and capillaries

4. The heart Little larger than a clenched fist Located between the lungs
Pumps blood at times per minute
Average heart beat per day = 100,000 times
It takes 1 minute for blood to be pumped around the body
The heart is the only place in the body where CARDIAC muscle is found

5. Function of blood: 3 Functions
The body has 4.5 litres of blood
Transportation
The blood carries OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS it also carries WASTE
Temperature Control
BLOOD transfers HEAT around the body
Protection
Blood carries antibodies

6. Blood cells
Red cells =
Make up 40-50% of blood volume
Transport oxygen
Produced in bone marrow
White cells =
Make up 1% of blood volume
Most are produced in the bone marrow
Used to fight infection – they destroy bacteria and viruses
Platelets block holes – so these are important in stopping bleeding

7. Parts of the Heart

8. Valves right side of the heart separates the auricle and ventricle
TRICUSPID Valve
right side of the heart
separates the auricle and ventricle
prevents back flow
SEPTUM
divides the heart
keeps oxy & deoxygenated blood apart
BICUSPID Valve
Left side of the heart
Separates the auricle and ventricle
Prevents blood from seeping or flowing back down into the ventricle.

9. Blood flow through the heart
Oxygen rich blood is pumped into the left atrium from the lungs via the pulmonary vein
It is then pumped into the left ventricle
The blood is pumped from here to the aorta and to the body and muscles
The deoxygenated blood passes from the body into the vena cava and back into the right atrium of the heart
It is then passed into the right ventricle
Passing through the Pulmonary artery the blood is returned to the lungs for oxygen

10. Deoxygenated blood - blood which contains very little oxygen
Oxygenated blood – blood that contains oxygen

11. Structure and function of blood vessels
There are 5 categories:
Artery
Arteriole
Capillary
Veins
Venules
Blood travels through a series of vessels, each varies in structure because of its function.

12. Arteries Carry blood under high pressure Carry oxygenated blood only
Always carry blood away from the heart
Thick walls!!
Small muscle fibres

13. Arteries STRUCTURE Thick walls!! Small muscle fibres FUNCTION
Always carry blood away from the heart
Carry blood under high pressure
Carry oxygenated blood only

14. Capillaries Smallest blood vessels - tiny
Gaseous exchange – gases & nutrients swapped
Will only allow 1 blood cell through at a time
Capillaries are extremely narrow, due to diffusion
Remove waste

15. Capillaries Structure Smallest blood vessels - tiny
Capillaries are extremely narrow, due to diffusion
Function
Gaseous exchange – gases & nutrients swapped
Will only allow 1 blood cell through at a time
Remove waste

16. Veins & Venuoles Return blood under LOW pressure to the heart
Transport deoxygenated blood
Veins also have one way valves to stop back flow
Walls contain layers of tissue = thinner and less elastic
Small vessels
Drain blood from capillaries

17. Veins & Venuoles STRUCTURE
Veins also have one way valves to stop back flow
Walls contain layers of tissue = thinner and less elastic
Small vessels
FUNCTION
Return blood under LOW pressure to the heart
Transport deoxygenated blood
Drain blood from capillaries

18. Question
Describe 4 ways a vein differs from an artery 1 2 3 4

19. Question Describe 4 ways a vein differs from an artery
1 – One carries oxygenated blood the other deoxygenated blood
2 – one works under high pressure one low pressure
3 – the wall thickness of each
4 - size

21. One mark for each structure identified, EIGHT required from
1 aorta
2 superior vena cava (accept vena cava)
3 right atrium
4 right ventricle
5 pulmonary artery
6 pulmonary vein
7 left atrium
8 left ventricle

22. Dysfunction
Coronary heart disease

23. Coronary Artery disease (CAD)
One of the arteries becomes blocked or narrow due to fatty deposits
Narrowing or blocking means oxygenated blood flow to the heart is reduced
Heart muscle begins to die = infarction

24. Causes - explain
Genetics
Lifestyle
Environment

25. Diagnosis
ECG machine to detect problems with the heart
Treatment
Change lifestyle
Exercise more
Cut out smoking, poor diet and alcohol
Medication