1. Tests Between Means of Related Groups
FSE 200

2. What You Will Learn in Chapter 11
When to use a t test for dependent means
How to compute the observed t value
How to use the TTEST and TDIST functions
How to use the t test Toolpak tool to compute the t value
Interpreting the t value and what it means

3. t Tests for Dependent Samples
Determining the correct statistic

4. Computing the Test Statistic
Numerator reflects the sum of the differences between two groups

5. Degrees of Freedom Degrees of freedom approximate the sample size
Degrees of freedom can vary based on the test statistic selected
For this procedure…
n – 1 (where n is the number of observations)

6. So How Do I Interpret… t(24) = 2.45, p > .05
t represents the test statistic used
24 is the number of degrees of freedom
2.45 is the obtained value (from the formula)
p > .05 indicates the probability

7. TTEST Function TTEST does not compute t value
It returns the probability of that value occurring

8. TTEST Function

9. TTEST Function

10. Using the Toolpak for t Values

11. Using the Toolpak for t Values

12. Summary of Important Data

13. Acknowledgement
The majority of the content of these slides were from the Sage Instructor Resources Website