1. When evaluating an injury what should you look for first? Why?

2. Review What are the different injury mechanical forces?
What is difference between sprain/strain?
What causes apophysitis? example
What artery carries blood to the brain?
Which pulse do you check with activity?
What is average pulse rate?

3. Injury Evaluation

4. Primary survey
Checking for ABC’s:
Airway
Breathing
Circulation

5. Secondary survey
After primary survey is cleared then you will complete secondary survey. Which more specifically looks at the injury.

6. HIPS/HOPS History Inspection/observation Palpation
Special tests/stress tests

7. History Has the area been injured before? How did the injury happen?
Sports Medicine
Has the area been injured before?
How did the injury happen?
What were you doing when the injury happened?
Where does it hurt?
What is the quality of pain?
What is the quantity of pain?
Have you had any previous surgeries to the area?
What previous treatments have been used on the injured area?

8. Observation
Sports Medicine
Discoloration (Ecchymosis)

9. Observation
Sports Medicine
Swelling

10. Observation
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Deformity

11. Observation
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Bleeding

12. Observation
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Range of Motion

13. Observation
Sports Medicine
Scars

14. Observation
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Burns

15. Observation
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Expressions denoting pain

16. Individually
Choose an acute and chronic injury you are interested in and identify what someone may present with for that injury. (History and Observation) be specific.

17. Warm-Up
What do you think would fall under the palpation and stress/special tests portion of the secondary evaluation?

18. Review
What is the difference between primary and secondary evaluations
What does HOPS stand for?
What are 3 good history questions to ask?
What are 3 things to observe for?

19. Palpation
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Deformity

20. Palpation
Sports Medicine
Point tenderness

21. Palpation
Sports Medicine
Muscle spasm

22. Palpation
Sports Medicine
Pulses

23. Palpation
Sports Medicine
Sensations

24. Palpation
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Quality/Quantity of pain

25. Palpation
Order of palpating:
Bones
Ligaments/tendons
Muscles

26. Stress
Sports Medicine
Applying stress to the injured area is designed to clinically recreate the MOI NOT to make the injury worse.

27. Stress Clinical stress tests are designed to test
Sports Medicine
Clinical stress tests are designed to test
ligament/joint stability.

28. Stress Clinical stress tests are designed to test
Sports Medicine
Clinical stress tests are
designed to test
ligament/joint stability.

29. Stress Clinical stress tests are designed to test
Sports Medicine
Clinical stress tests are
designed to test
ligament/joint stability.

30. Stress Clinical stress tests are designed to test
Sports Medicine
Clinical stress tests are
designed to test
ligament/joint stability.

31. Stress Clinical stress tests are designed to test
Sports Medicine
Clinical stress tests are designed to test
muscle strength and flexibility.

32. Stress Clinical stress tests are designed to test
Sports Medicine
Clinical stress tests are designed to test
active, passive, and resistive ROM.

33. **Always evaluate bilaterally!**
Remember
Sports Medicine
**Always evaluate bilaterally!**

34. With table come up with P and S of evaluation for the following scenarios.
Football player was cutting up field planted his foot and fell to the ground. Is holding his knee
Baseball player comes in the middle of the season with pain in his elbow
Basketball player jumps for a rebound and lands on the side of his ankle.
You need to identify 3 specific things to palpate (bone/lig/tendon)
Identify 1 specific special test for each. What motions will be tested under stress

35. Warm-Up
What do you think the difference would be between a secondary survey done immediately following an injury and one done a day or two after the injury occurred?

36. Review What does it mean to palpate? What are 3 things to palpate for?
What do you want to palpate first? Why?
What are stress tests designed to do?
Why do we do stress tests?

37. Individually Identify what might be present in an evaluation with:
History, Observation (3 things), Palpation (2 things to palpate: specific things you would palpate), 1 stress test (if applicable)
ACL tear
Shoulder dislocation
Colles Fracture
Clavicle fracture
ATF sprain