1. Concentration and solubility
Chapter 3 Section 2

2. Key concepts How is concentration measured?
Why is solubility useful in identifying substances?
What factors affect the solubility of a substance?

3. Key terms Dilute solution Concentrated solution Solubility
Saturated solution
Unsaturated solution
Supersaturated solution

4. concentration Maple tree sap vs maple syrup
The sap is a dilute solution: a mixture that has only a little solute dissolved in a solute.
The syrup is a concentrated solution: a solution that has a lot of solute dissolved in a solvent.
You can change the by adding more solute.
To measure the amount of concentration, you compare the amount of solute to the amount of solvent or to the total amount of solution
If a solution contains 10 grams of solute dissolved in 100 grams of solution, you can calculate the concentration of the solute by the following equation:
10g/100g x 100% = 10 %
A solution contains 12 grams of solute dissolved in 36 grams of solution. What is the concentration of the solute?
12g/36g x 100% = 33%

5. Solubility
Solubility: the amount of how much solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature.
Saturated solution: a solution with too much solute, and no more can dissolve.
Unsaturated solution: a solution where more solute can be dissolved.

6. Working with solubility
Solubility in100 g of water at 0 degrees C
Compound
Solubility (G)
Carbon Dioxide
0.348
Baking Soda
6.9
Table Salt
35.7
Sugar
180

7. Factors affecting solubility
Factors that affect the solubility of a substance include pressure, the type of solvent, and temperature.
Pressure affects the solubility of gases.
More pressure dissolves more gas.
Solvents are sometimes not compatible.
Like dissolves like
Ionic and polar compounds usually dissolve in polar solvents.
Nonpolar compounds usually do not dissolve in polar solvents.
Temperature increases the solubility
Supersaturated solutions: has more dissolved solute than is predicted by its solubility at the given temperature.