1. UNIT 4: MODIFICATION

2. Key points - modification
1) IN SMALL GROUPS CREATE LISTS OF ADJECTIVES.
Follow the pattern below. Close your book!
IMPORTANCE
DIMENSION
APTITUDE AND UTILITY
HIERARCHY
INTENSITY

3. 2) FIND GOOD COLLOCATIONS FOR THE FOLLOWING ADJECTIVES
eg. sharp → a sharp decline
significant →
acute →
appropriate →
standard →
widespread →
minute →

4. Possible collocations:
significant → a significant number (of), a significant amount (of), a significant
increase (in), a significant impact (on), significant development (in)
acute → an acute shortage (of), an acute infection, acute pain
appropriate → an appropriate approach (to), an appropriate response (to),
an appropriate behaviour, an appropriate method
standard → standard practice, standard procedure, a standard error,
standard English
widespread → widespread use, widespread concern, a widespread belief
minute → minute quantities, in minute detail, minute particles

5. 3) FIND THE CORRESPONDING ADVERBS, NOUNS OR ADJECTIVES:
significantly
useful
accuracy
efficient
carefully

6. Answers:
Adjectives
Adverbs
Nouns
significant
significantly
significance
useful
usefully
usefulness
accurate
accurately
accuracy
efficient
efficiently
efficiency
careful
carefully
care, carefulness

7. 4) IN PAIRS, CHOOSE AT LEAST 5 ADJECTIVES, NOUNS AND ADVERBS THAT WE HAVE JUST SEEN AND MAKE SENTENCES.
5) INDIVIDUALLY MAKE SENTENCES USING THE ADVERBS ON PAGE 49. USE THE PICTURES BELOW.
BELGIUM 36 – GERMANY 0
Mount Elbrus = 5,642 m
Mount Kilimanjaro = 5,895 m
Mount Everest = 8,848 m

8. 4.2. Audio: maps, medicine and cholera’
1) 1ST LISTENING: LISTEN TO THE RECORDING AND WRITE DOWN AS MANY ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS IN CONTEXT AS YOU CAN.
2) 2ND AND 3RD LISTENINGS: LISTEN AGAIN AND THIS TIME, TAKE NOTES OF THE GIST:
WHAT?
WHEN?
WHY
PROBLEMS FACED AND CONSEQUENCES?
3) SUMMARISE THE TEXT IN 75 WORDS. SWAP WITH A PARTNER AND CORRECT HIS/HER SUMMARY.
4) TURN TO P. 52 AND COMPARE WITH YOUR SUMMARY. CHECK ANY WORD THAT YOU DO NOT UNDERSTAND.

9. Video: the past, present future of the bubonic plague
YOU ARE GOING TO WATCH A VIDEO ABOUT THE BUBONIC PLAGUE. IN PAIRS MAKE A LIST OF 5 WORDS THAT YOU THINK YOU WILL HEAR.

10. INFORMATION ABOUT THE BUBONIC PLAGUE
The Bubonic plague is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. The disease enters through the skin, and travels through the lymphatic system. If the disease is left untreated, it kills about half its victims in three to seven days. The bubonic plague was the disease that caused the Black Death, which killed tens of millions of people in Europe in the Middle Ages. Symptoms of this disease include coughing, fever, and black spots on the skin.
The plague was not just carried by rats as some people assume. The fleas also carried it. It came abroad from Kaffa by the Black Sea. From there the disease started to go to new places in It went to England in There it killed half of the people in England. 70% of people who got plague died. Pigs are also to blame for the transmission, as the bacteria stayed in their blood system, and when eaten, people caught the plague. This is a reason why so few Jews or Muslims caught the disease.
Adapted from Wikipedia