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Do Now: What are Monsoons ?
If India has planned cities, what else does that tell us about the society?
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Indus Valley Harappa Mohenjo-Daro
Harappans Indus Valley Harappa Mohenjo-Daro
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Indus Valley The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is present day Pakistan. It was named after the city of Harappa. Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were important centers of the Indus valley civilization. This Indus Valley “civilization” flourished around B.C.
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Old World Civilizations
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Comparative Timeline
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Major Cities: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
The cities are well known for their impressive, organized and regular layout. They have well laid our plumbing and drainage system, including indoor toilets. Over one thousand other towns and villages also existed in this region. - Uniform housing, and large use of toys suggests that the society was advanced and could spare for leisure
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Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
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Four Theories of Collapse
Archaeologists have offered four explanations for the collapse of the Harappa “Civilization”. Three are based on ecological factors: intense flooding, decrease in precipitation, and the drought of the Sarasvati River. The fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott. Image in text of “massacre” thought to support this hypothesis. Later interpreted as “peaceful” mass burial. Fourth largely abandoned in the 1940s in favor of a combination of factors from ecological disasters.
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Ancient China Degree of isolation Distance from Middle East
China will develop and remain separate for long period of time. This Isolation from the Middle East will lead to periods of higher achievement and great decline
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Unique features Intensive garden-style agriculture
Do not adopt the plow until very late Unique soil: loess
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Pre-dynastic cultures of China
Neolithic period
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The Earliest Dynasties
Xia C BCE Organized through village network Hereditary monarchy Flood control Shang BCE Zhou BCE
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Neolithic village at Ban Po
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Shang Dynasty Bronze metallurgy from 1200 BCE
State monopoly Horse-drawn chariots, other wheeled vehicles Large armies Political organization: network of fortified cities, loyal to center 1000 cities Capital moved six times Impressive architecture at Ao, Yin Other regional kingdoms coexist (exist together)
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Distinct Characteristics
silk = Very expensive cloth no animal milk or milk products Ancestor worship / Filial Piety Central place of the family
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Oracle bone with early ideographic script
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An example of Shang bronze (religious objects) cast using a “lost wax” process
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More bronze ware, with early ideograms
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A bronze temple bell -many will strike two distinct and separate notes, depending on which part of the bell is struck
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Organization peasants support nobles, officials, bureaucracy, etc.
government centered in towns warrior elite poor live in primitive conditions
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