1. Do Now: What are Monsoons ?
If India has planned cities, what else does that tell us about the society?

2. Indus Valley Harappa Mohenjo-Daro
Harappans
Indus Valley
Harappa
Mohenjo-Daro

3. Indus Valley
The Harappan culture existed along the Indus River in what is present day Pakistan.
It was named after the city of Harappa. Harappa and the city of Mohenjo-Daro were important centers of the Indus valley civilization.
This Indus Valley “civilization” flourished around B.C.

4. Old World Civilizations

5. Comparative Timeline

6. Major Cities: Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
The cities are well known for their impressive, organized and regular layout.
They have well laid our plumbing and drainage system, including indoor toilets.
Over one thousand other towns and villages also existed in this region.
- Uniform housing, and large use of toys suggests that the society was advanced and could spare for leisure

7. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa

8. Four Theories of Collapse
Archaeologists have offered four explanations for the collapse of the Harappa “Civilization”.
Three are based on ecological factors: intense flooding, decrease in precipitation, and the drought of the Sarasvati River.
The fourth hypothesis is that of the Aryan Invasion, proposed by Sir R. E. Mortimer Wheeler and Stuart Piggott.
Image in text of “massacre” thought to support this hypothesis. Later interpreted as “peaceful” mass burial.
Fourth largely abandoned in the 1940s in favor of a combination of factors from ecological disasters.

9. Ancient China Degree of isolation Distance from Middle East
China will develop and remain separate for long period of time.
This Isolation from the Middle East will lead to periods of higher achievement and great decline

10. Unique features Intensive garden-style agriculture
Do not adopt the plow until very late
Unique soil: loess

11. Pre-dynastic cultures of China
Neolithic period

13. The Earliest Dynasties
Xia
C BCE
Organized through village network
Hereditary monarchy
Flood control
Shang
BCE
Zhou
BCE

14. Neolithic village at Ban Po

16. Shang Dynasty Bronze metallurgy from 1200 BCE
State monopoly
Horse-drawn chariots, other wheeled vehicles
Large armies
Political organization: network of fortified cities, loyal to center
1000 cities
Capital moved six times
Impressive architecture at Ao, Yin
Other regional kingdoms coexist (exist together)

17. Distinct Characteristics
silk = Very expensive cloth
no animal milk or milk products
Ancestor worship / Filial Piety
Central place of the family

18. Oracle bone with early ideographic script

19. An example of Shang bronze (religious objects) cast using a “lost wax” process

20. More bronze ware, with early ideograms

21. A bronze temple bell
-many will strike two distinct and separate notes, depending on which part of the bell is struck

22. Organization peasants support nobles, officials, bureaucracy, etc.
government centered in towns
warrior elite
poor live in primitive conditions