1. Revolution and Civil War in Russia
14.5 Notes
Revolution and Civil War in Russia

2. 5 steps The first revolution (the March revolution)
The provisional government
The second revolution (the November revolution)
The beginnings of the communist era
The civil war and the Red’s victory

3. Tsars 1913- 300th anniversary of the Romanov Family in Russia
Tsar-Nicholas
Tsarina-Alexandra
She believed that they were too loved for the people to overthrow

4. Tsar Nicholas, Alexandra, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, and Alexei

6. Unrest Russia was slow to industrialize Peasants were in poverty
Nicholas has failed to solve Russia’s problems, even after the Russia Revolution of 1905
He was a weak and ineffective leader who didn’t allow change
He used a secret police to enforce his will

7. Revolution Some hoped peasants would revolt
The communists tried to ignite revolution through the proletariat
Time for revolution was coming

8. Impact of WWI WWI fueled pride in Russians WWI quickly strained Russia
They didn’t have enough supplies
Many men had no rifles, no ammunition
By 1915, Russian casualties were 2 million
Nicholas II goes to the front-bad decision

9. Alexandra and Rasputin
With Nicholas gone, Alexandra was in charge
She had a sick son and looked to Gregory Rasputin “holy man” for help
He influenced her and weakened the government
Russian nobles killed Rasputin on December 29, 1916.

10. Rasputin

11. Tsar Steps down
March 1917, disasters in war, shortages of food at home, workers on strike
The women were rioting in the streets over bread so the Tsar abdicated
A provisional government was set up by the Duma
The Bolsheviks soon took charge-V.I. Lenin

12. Lenin Changed his name when he became a revolutionary
His older brother was killed for plotting to kill the tsar
He and his family hated the tsarist government

13. Lenin Followed Karl Marx He married Nadezhda Krupskaya
They were arrested and sent to Siberia
They were exiled into Switzerland and worked tirelessly to spread revolutionary ideas
Lenin’s group of elites to start the revolution he named the Bolsheviks-meaning majority

15. Change
Many socialists thought that change would be gradual and include moderate reforms, higher wages, increased suffrage, and social welfare programs
Bolsheviks said that only revolution could bring change
Germany helped Lenin come home from exile
“Long live the world wide Socialist Revolution”

16. November Revolution Lenin had help from Leon Trotsky
Lenin promised , “Peace, Land, and Bread”
Troops were tired, peasants were starving, the provisional government were making mistakes, this was the perfect time for a take over
In a couple days, Lenin’s forces took over the provisional government

17. They ended private ownership
Distributed land to peasants
Workers were given control of factories and mines
A new flag with a hammer and a sickle symbolized union between the workers and peasants
Bolsheviks would be renamed communists

18. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Peace with Germany
Russia lost land but it was worth it to Lenin to focus on the Civil War at home
Reds vs. Whites
Britain, U.S., and France sent troops to help the Whites

19. Civil War Was brutal Communists were slaughtered
Many tried to assassinate Lenin
Communists kill the Tsar and his family in July 1918 to keep them from being a rallying point for revolutionary forces

20. Video clip Death of the royal family – 3 minutes long

21. Victory in Civil War Communists used terror against Reds and Whites
They organized a Cheka-secret police
Forced labor camps
Communists took over banks, factories, mines, railroads
Peasants were drafted in the military, forced to hand over all crops to the government
1921-Communists win the civil war

22. Soviet Union
1922-Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (USSR), or Soviet Union
Government held all the power and ruled like the Tsar with absolute rule
He created a New Economic Policy (NEP) this was a mix between communism and capitalism
This would be temporary to appease the people and would soon return to pure communism

23. Stalin Lenin dies in 1924 at 54 yrs. Old
There was a battle for power between Trotsky and Stalin
Stalin had Trotsky murdered in Mexico
Stalin would be a ruthless dictator

24. Video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzPqdCggOH8
Evidence of the remains (23 minutes National Geographic)
Anastasia trailer