1. Lesson 15.1 Growing Tensions Between North and South

2. ESSENTIAL QUESTION
In what ways did disagreements between the North & the South, especially over the issue of slavery, lead to political conflict?

3. Focus Questions
1. Describe the economy of the North and South. (See Chart)
For what reasons did many Northerners oppose slavery?
How were both Northerners and Abolitionists racist by today’s standards?
Why was the Wilmot Proviso written?
For what reasons did slaveholders in the South believe Congress couldn’t interfere with transporting slaves?

4. Focus Questions
Even though the Wilmot Proviso failed, it led to the creation of _______________.
How did the war with Mexico lead to conflict between the North and the South?
8. What did the Compromise of 1850 state?

5. Vocabulary
1. Wilmot Proviso – Would outlaw slavery in territories obtained from the war with Mexico
Compromise of 1850 – Would allow California to be admitted as a free state and slave trade would be abolished in Washington D.C.
Senator Daniel Webster – Massachusetts senator who supported the Compromise of 1850.
Free Soil Party – Dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery
Senator Henry Clay – He wrote the Compromise of 1850.
Senator Stephen A. Douglas – Senator from Illinois who succeeded in having the Compromise of passed into law.

6. What We Already Know…
Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin had led to the growth of cotton plantations across the South.

7. What We Already Know…
The expansion of cotton cultivation also caused slavery to expand across the South.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

8. What We Already Know…
An abolitionist movement dedicated to ending slavery had grown more widespread and more aggressive during the 1830s and ’40s.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

9. What We Already Know…
During the 1840s and ’50s, millions of immigrants had come to the United States and most had settled in the North.
Mayflower Compact = self rule

10. Copy the following into your Portfolio. (Question 1)
How did the North and the South take different economic paths?
The North
The South

11. The North and South Took Completely Different Paths
Developed more industry and commerce.
Industry led to rapid growth of Northern cities.
Much of population growth came from immigration.

12. The North and South Took Completely Different Paths
Economy was dependent upon plantation farming.
A few wealthy planters controlled Southern society.
Planters invested in
slaves instead of
industry.

13. Antislavery
The issue of slavery caused tension between the North and the South.
In the north, Abolitionists believed that slavery was unjust and should be abolished immediately.
Many others who opposed slavery took a less extreme position.

14. Antislavery Some Northern workers and immigrants opposed slavery:
It was an economic threat to them.
2. They feared factory owners
would replace them with slaves
Afraid slavery would force
workers into slavery to
find jobs.

15. RACISM
Despite opposing slavery, most Northerners, even abolitionists, were racist.
1. Many whites refused to go to school with, work with, or live near African Americans.
2. In most states, even Free African
Americans could not vote.

16. Southerners’ reasons for defending slavery:
RACISM
Southerners’ reasons for defending slavery:
Believed white people were superior to blacks.
Slavery was good because slaves were introduced to Christianity.
Slaves were provided with food shelter and clothing.

17. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
When Missouri applied for statehood in 1819 Congress was seriously divided over the question of whether Missouri should be admitted as a slave or free state.

18. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
At the same time, Maine wanted admission as a state apart from Massachusetts. The Compromise said Maine would be admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.. However…

19. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
…an amendment was added that extended the line marking the southern boundary of Missouri westward. This line, the 36°30' parallel, would be
the determining
boundary between
free and slave lands.

20. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
Everything north of the line would be free soil, and everything south would be open to the spread of slavery. This became a part of the final version of
the Missouri
Compromise of
1820.

21. MISSOURI COMPROMISE of 1820
For nearly thirty years, the Missouri Compromise of 1820 governed how slavery was dealt with in new lands and new states admitted to the Union. Yet, by the 1850s, the situation had become so tense that the compromise line could no longer hold things together.

22. War With Mexico 1846
When the United States went to war with Mexico in Many Northerners believed that Southerners
wanted to take territory
from Mexico in order to
extend slavery. The result
of the War was the United
States gained a huge
amount of land know as the Mexican Cession.

23. Wilmot Proviso
Some feared that slavery would be extended into the land won in the War with Mexico.
Representative David Wilmot of Pennsylvania proposed a bill, known as the Wilmot Proviso, to outlaw slavery in any territory the United States might gain from the War with Mexico.

24. Wilmot Proviso
Slaveholders believed that Congress had no right to prevent them from bringing slaves into any of the territories.
They viewed slaves as
property.
They thought Congress
was violating their
Constitutional rights.

25. Wilmot Proviso
Even though the Wilmot Proviso never became law, it had important effects.
* It led to the creation of the Free-Soil
Party, a political party dedicated to
stopping the expansion of slavery.
* The party’s slogan expressed its
ideals—“Free Soil, Free Speech,
Free Labor, and Free Men.” Slavery
became a key political issue.

26. Controversy over Territories
By 1848, as the nation’s leaders were debating how to deal with slavery in the lands gained from the War with Mexico. The discovery of gold in California brought thousands of people into that territory. There
would soon be
enough people
in California for
it to apply for
statehood.

27. Controversy over Territories
In 1850 California applied for statehood as a free state.
California’s admission would upset the free state-slave state balance in the Senate.
Southerners felt that statehood for California threatened their way of life.

28. Compromise of 1850
As he did in 1850, Henry Clay drew up another Compromise known as the Compromise of 1850

29. Compromise of 1850 1. California would enter as a free state.
2. A new fugitive slave law would help slave owners recapture runaway slaves.
3. In Washington D.C. slave trade would be abolished.
4. Congress wouldn’t pass laws regarding slavery for the rest of the territories won from Mexico.

30. Compromise of 1850
Daniel Webster, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, lent his support to Clay’s compromise bill in a very passionate speech.
With passage still in doubt, Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas campaigned hard to get each piece passed individually.

31. Compromise of 1850
Once the Compromise became law, some people celebrated, believing that it had saved the Union. But it would be a celebration short lived.

32. Copy the following into your Portfolio.
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Congress divided
Fears of new slave states
The Mexican War
Wilmot Proviso defeated
The Mexican Cession
Free Soil Party formed

33. Copy the following into your Portfolio.
The Mexican War
The Mexican Cession
Fears of new slave states
Wilmot Proviso defeated
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Congress divided
Free Soil Party formed
Wilmot Proviso introduced
Congress divided
Fears of new slave states
The Mexican War
Wilmot Proviso defeated
The Mexican Cession
Free Soil Party formed