1. NS4540 Winter Term 2019 ECLAC Social Panorama of Latin America: 2018

2. U.N. Human Development Report 2018 I

3. U.N. Human Development Report 2018 II

4. Income Inequality:

5. Share of Wages in GDP,

6. Poverty and Extreme Poverty

7. Year to Reach Poverty Targets

8. Social Spending Share GDP

9. Per Capita Social Spending

10. Patterns of Education/Income

11. % Workers Below Minimum Wage

12. Men/Women Wage Gaps

13. STEM Graduates

14. Main Findings I Main Findings 2018 Social Panorama of Latin America
Poverty eradication continues to be a core challenge for the countries of Latin America
Region made major strides in this regard between the 2000s and the mid-2010s
However setbacks have occurred since 2015, especially in extreme poverty.
Particular attention needs to be afforded to the factors that lead to poverty disproportionately affecting
children, adolescents and young people,
the rural population and
indigenous and Afrodescendent persons

15. Main Findings II
Income inequality decreased considerably between 2002 and 2017, but the pace of this process has slowed in recent years.
The wage share in GDP has risen, but this too began to slow from 2014 onward.
Labor income, pensions and transfers to the poorest households play a key role in reducing poverty and income inequality.
Social protection is essential to
contain distributive deterioration and
to avoid further setbacks in these indicators.

16. Main Findings III Social spending has
Held steady as a proportion of total public spending and
Expanded faster than output between 2015 and 2016.
Made a key contribution to progress over the period
However financing of social policies remains a major challenge.
The period between and saw significant improvements in social inclusion indicators relating to
education,
health and
basic infrastructure
However there are large gaps in service access and quality.

17. Key Findings IV Significant challenges remain in labor markets such as
unemployment,
low income,
high levels of informality and
lack of protection at work.
Structural gaps in inclusion operate to the detriment of
the rural population,
women,
young people and
indigenous and Afrodescendent persons.