1. University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Fault Location in AC Microgrids: Comparison between High Frequency Impedance approach versus Independent Coordination
Farzad Banihashemi
Siavash Beheshtaein
Mark Vygoder
University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
Spring 2019

2. Meshed AC Microgrids Protection shortage and issues must be addressed.
Meshed AC microgird is the future of AC microgrids
Connecting microgrids provides possibility of multi-level microgrids
Higher generation capacity provides higher reliability
Higher resiliency of microgrids in terms of frequency
Higher independency from the national grid
Protection shortage and issues must be addressed.

3. Test System

4. Structure of two proposed methods
Harmonic Injection / Impedance Approach (Novel Idea - Non-Commercial Devices)▲
▼ Independent Coordination (Novel Idea - Commercial Devices)

5. Support Vector Machine
SVM training algorithm creates a model and classifies in categories being able to assign the future examples to either categories
In this study, SVM considers 500 possible fault locations and impedances for different configurations of the system

6. Harmonic Injection – Impedance Approach

7. Harmonic Injection – Impedance Approach
Grid Connected Mode▲
▼ Islanded Mode

8. Independent Coordination41 31 42 32 11 12 21 22 51 52
111
112 91 92
101
102 72 71 62 61 81 82

9. Independent Coordination
Breaker 41
Breaker 42

10. Computer Hardware in the Loop Platform
Plant in Real-Time Simulator and protection logic in National Instruments FPGAs like CompactRIO or FlexRIO.
NI FPGA makes it easy to generate VHDL code.