1. Restructuring the ESRD payment system in the United States
Allen R. Nissenson 
Kidney International 
Volume 66, Issue 1, Pages (July 2004)
DOI: /j x
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Trends in Medicare spending over the past decade. Medicare costs are obtained from claims files, and include all Medicare as primary payer claims as well as amounts paid by Medicare as secondary payer. Medicare patient obligations are estimated deductibles and co-pays, health maintenance organization (HMO) costs are estimated as the number of HMO months times the Medicare, average adjusted per capita cost (AAPCC), and organ acquisition costs are estimated as $25,000 per transplant. The non-Medicare estimate includes all non-Medicare patients (using the AAPCC primary payer estimate for Medicare as secondary payer patients), and estimated patient obligations.
reproduced with permission from3
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Medicare spending on injectable medications over the past decade.
reproduced with permission from3
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Decline in dialysis composite rate reimbursement in current and constant dollars from 1974 through 1989.
reproduced with permission from11
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Distribution of health care resources for chronic hemodialysis patients at a dialysis facility in South Carolina.
reprinted from Ploth DW, Sheep PH, Counts C, Hutchinson F: Prospective analysis of global costs for maintenance of patients with ESRD.Am J Kidney Dis 42:12–21, 2003, with permission from the National Kidney Foundation
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

6. Kidney International 2004 66, 466-476DOI: (10. 1111/j. 1523-1755. 2004
Kidney International  , DOI: ( /j x)
Copyright © 2004 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions