1. WARM UP – April 26
QUIZ REVIEW – you have 5 min to go thru your notes and study guide and review for your quiz

2. One main difference between rural and urban slaves that would contribute to the better quality of life for urban slaves is that:
(A) Rural slaves tended to spend less time around their masters than urban slaves
(B) Urban slaves tended to spend less time around their masters than rural slaves
(C) There were many more urban slaves by 1850
(D) Urban slaves were paid much higher wages than rural slaves

3. Black codes were:
(A) Laws limiting the rights of free blacks in the South.
(B).Rules governing slave conduct on the plantation.
(C) Codes regulating land values in the Black Belt.
(D) Secret codes used by slaves to organize rebellion

4. The Nat Turner rebellion against white slave owners is most representative of which abolitionist’s belief on how to approach the fight on slavery?
(A) William Lloyd Garrison
(B) Frederick Douglas
(C) David Walker
(D) Angelina Grimke

5. Nat Turner’s Rebellion resulted in:
(A) The immediate emancipation of Virginian slaves
(B) The gradual emancipation of Virginian slaves
(C) Tighter restrictions being placed on both slaves and freed blacks
(D) Nat Turner’s emergence in the anti-slavery movement

6. Charles Finney preached that slavery was contrary to the teachings of Christianity during the movement referred to as:
(A) The First Great Awakening
(B) The Second Great Awakening
(C) Abolitionist movement
(D) Religious and Labor Reform Movement

7. Which of the following is NOT an example of a defense used by those that supported slavery?
(A) The Bible stated that slavery was justified
(B) Blacks were inferior to whites and therefore should be subordinate
(C) Slaves received many benefits that made them content
(D) The slave codes, passed after the Nat Turner Rebellion, made slavery legal

8. Thoreau’s Walden depicted the author’s time spent living in the woods and reflected the author’s belief in:
(A) Abolitionism
(B) The need for women’s reform
(C) Civil Disobedience
(D) Labor Reform

9. The Second Great Awakening attempted to reform society by preaching that:
(A) Slavery was a sin and should be repented for
(B) Individuals controlled their own fate in terms of salvation
(C) Education needed to be reform so individuals could be taught how to achieve salvation
(D) Slavery was part of the Bible and therefore, should be allowed

10. Angelina Grimke first began to oppose slavery because she was:
(A) Concerned about the fate of their white slave owners
(B) Concerned over the growing sectionalism between the north and south
(C) Discouraged over how slaves were being treated
(D) Felt that slavery negatively affected the women’s reform movements

11. The individual that visited prisons and sought to improve their conditions was:
(A) Horace Mann
(B) Dorothea Dix
(C) Angelina Grimke
(D) Sarah Grimke

12. All of the following were reform movements that women played an important role in except:
(A) Abolitionist
(B) Health
(C) Temperance
(D) Domesticity

13. Horace Mann influenced today’s public education in all of the following ways except:
(A) Tax Payer money being used to help fund public education
(B) Better and more organized curriculum
(C) Mandatory attendance for Students
(D) Teacher tenure programs

14. Mill owners hired women to work in the factories primarily because:
(A) Women had such a low status in society that owners didn’t care about them getting injured or killed while on the job
(B) Owners were able to pay women a much lesser salary than men
(C) Women were seen as equals to men and therefore, were viewed as being very good workers
(D) Women wanted to prove themselves as worthy employees and were more eager to work than men

15. Reform movements were seen as being significant primarily because:
(A) The movements allowed for the creation of asylums for the mentally ill
(B) The movements increased nationalism in the United States
(C) The movements helped lead to increased opportunities for many individuals and groups
(D) The movements help lead to the emancipation of slaves

16. ID’s
Served as mentor to Frederick Douglass, founded abolitionist newspaper The Liberator
Location of convention held by 300 women where the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments would be created
Former slave, became a leader in the anti-abolitionist movement by touring the country and giving speeches; founded abolitionist newspaper “The North Star”

17. Worked on plantations in the country from sunrise to sunset
Philosophy that stressed living a simple and natural life; ownership of very little material goods
Led armed slaves in attacks against white plantation owners in Virginia in 1831
Term used to describe slavery before the Civil War

18. Listed grievances women had about society
Worked in factories in cities and as blacksmiths and carpenters, all wages went to their owners
Group of safe houses used to pass slaves from the south to the north on their journey to freedom

19. The Market Revolution
Shift to buying/selling goods instead of making everything yourself, led to the growth of the American economy
Rise in consumerism – the buying of goods for use
Consumers – people who are the final users of a product or good
How?
Industrial Revolution – factories and mass production of goods
Specialization on farms – large crops and harvests
Rise of capitalism
New inventions
Increased communication
Improved transportation

20. Specialization in Farming
Specialization – growing 1-2 crops to sell at home/abroad for a profit
Self-sufficiency  profit!
Used money made by selling crops to buy goods…
Manufactured goods from the North
Other food from the South and West

21. Specialization in Farming
How did specialization in farming contribute to the Market Economy?
Farmers could sell their crops to other areas of the country and in return act as consumers to buy goods from other people/industries
Led to growth in the US economy (more people buying/selling)

22. Rise of Capitalism
Capitalism – the economic system in which private businesses/people control and own the production/manufacture of a good and sell it to earn profits
Requires “capital” – the money property, machines, and factories needed to make the good.
Relies on competition in a free market (less gov’t regulation)
Entrepreneur – a wealthy investor that risked money to fund new industries
Risked money if the company/industry failed
Potential to earn a lot of money if the company/industry was successful

23. Rise of Capitalism
How did the rise of capitalism contribute to the Market Economy?
Capitalism allowed for individuals to buy and sell goods according to the supply and demand of the good.
Capitalism thrived on competition which led to growth of the economy as new industries emerged.
Increased production in factories + competition  lower prices (easily make a lot of 1 thing for less money
Birth of Wall Street and investors

24. New Inventions
During the mid-1800s, new inventions with the help of entrepreneurs contributed to the growth of the Market Economy  more goods faster!
Inventor and Year
Invention
Charles Goodyear (1839)
Vulcanized rubber – a rubber that did not melt or freeze, perfect for protecting boots (later tires)
Elias Howe
(1846)
Sewing machine – used in factories to mass produce clothes/shoes
John Deere
(1837)
Steel plow – a steel device that made it possible to plow and plant crops in the rocky Midwest soil
Cyrus McCormick
Mechanical reaper – a machine that quickly cut and harvested wheat

25. New Inventions
How did new inventions contribute to the Market Economy?
New farming equipment made it easier to mass produce food which could be bought and sold in other parts of the country.
The steel plow made farming in the rocky mid-west soil possible.
The sewing machine was eventually developed for use in factories  large scale production of clothes/shoes!
People could buy clothes/shoes already made, instead of making them for themselves.
Technological advances = more manufactured items quicker and cheaper = lower prices = American people become CONSUMERS! (buyers of goods)

26. Increased Communication
1837 – Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph
A device that sent instant electrical messages over copper wires
Message = a telegram
Telegrams were typed in Morse Code (a code of transmissions to communicate information through the telegraph)

27. Increased Communication
How did the telegraph contribute to the Market Revolution?
The telegraph REVOLUTIONIZED communication.
People could communicated instantly over large distances.
Before the telegraph, you could only communication as fast as horses could deliver your letters.
Businesses used the telegraph to send orders and relay up-to-date info on prices and sales.
Railroads used the telegraph to keep trains on schedule and report delays.
By 1854 (~15 years after its invention), 23,000 miles of telegraph wire crossed the country.

28. Improved Transportation
Early 1800s – steamboats become popular for transporting goods and people on rivers and canals
A steamboat did not rely on the river current or the wind – it was powered by steam engines that could turn and power the boat in any direction
1825 – Erie Canal finished
Connected Atlantic Ocean to Great Lakes
Soon, more canals were completed around the country
Easier and cheaper to float heavy materials on water

29. Improved Transportation
Canals were very popular until the 1860s  RAILROADS!
Could operate in the winter when the canals were frozen
More expensive than canal shipping, but much faster.
Brought goods to people who lived away from water.
Passengers enjoyed the “high speed” of trains (10 mph) and trains were more comfortable than steamboats
By 1850, 10,000 miles of rail crossed the country

30. Improved Transportation
How did canals and the railroad contribute to the Market Economy?
Goods and people could be moved quickly and reliably across the country.
Quicker and more available goods  more consumerism in America
Connected, but also separated the US regions…
Connected – North, South, and West could get goods from the other
Separated - Each region specialized in just a few activities and had different economic and political needs

31. The Market Economy – The Big Picture
NORTH
Manufactured textiles and machinery in factories
(sewing machine, vulcanized rubber)
Investors, entrepreneurs, capitalism, Wall Street
SOUTH
Crop specialization - Cotton, tobacco
WEST
Crop specialization - harvested wheat and raised cattle
(mechanical reaper, steel plow)
Telegraph
Canals
Railroad