1. Personality and Emotion

2. Individual Differences
Personality- the complex of characteristics that distinguishes an individual; the totality of an individual’s behavioral and emotional characteristics.
Human Nature
Individual Differences
Patterns of Behavior

3. Facultative Traits Definition Early Environment Sexual Strategies 1)2)
Results

4. Empirical Support Divorce Absent Fathers Relationship With Fathers
Good
Bad

5. Contingencies Among Traits
Definition
Aggressive vs Non-Aggressive
Success of Strategies
Selfishness vs. Cooperation
Reactively Heritable

6. Frequency-Dependent Strategies
Frequency-dependent selection
Selfish vs. Cooperative

7. Trait Variance- Survival of Species
Optimum Levels
Risk Taking vs. Cautiousness
Plenty
Scarcity
Ratio

8. Survival of Individual
Flexibility of Behaviors Selfish Genes

9. Extraversion-Introversion
Extraverts
Introverts
Risk-Taking
Caution
Today

10. Neuroticism/Emotional Stability(?)
Neurotics
Positive emotions
Negative Emotions
Smoke-Detector Principle
EEA

11. Conscientiousness/Impulsivity
Fluctuations

12. Agreeableness/Disagreeableness
Balance

13. Openness/Conventionality
Special Purpose Information Processors
Conventional Thinking
Creativity

14. Intelligence
Fitness Indicator
Low Intelligence
“Loose Associations”

15. Extremes
Extraversion- risky behavior Introversion- not enough risk taking Neuroticism- anxiety, depression Stoicism*- Schizoid PxDx Agreeableness- vulnerability Disagreeableness- Antisocial PxDx Conscientiousness- OCD Impulsivity- ADHD Openness- Schizophrenia Conventionality- boring! (seriously limited problem solving)

16. Emotions
Universal Emotions
Cultural Variations
Male vs. Female

17. Function of Emotions Nervous System Limbic System Brain Stem
Cognitive Component
Emotional Control
Importance

18. Universal Emotions
Happy
Surprise
Sadness
Anger
Fear
Disgust
Contempt

19. What Are/Were They For? Happy Surprise Sadness Anger Fear Disgust
Contempt

20. Self-Conscious Emotions
Primary Emotions
Self-Conscious Emotions
Non-Humans

21. Empathy
Development
mirror neurons
fusiform face area
Autism
Morality

22. Child Maltreatment Abused/Neglected Children Romanian Orphans
Brain Scans
Hormones
Results

23. Attitudes
Definition
Examples
Children
Infants

24. Joint Attention
Learning Mechanism
Emotional vs. Cognitive Origins
Challenging Information

25. Narrative Content of Emotion
Emotional Events are triggered whenever an event signals a Goal-relevant change (can be external or internal events).
Two Basic human Goals-: self (survival, procreation) and social (approval, acceptance).
In an emotional event, you perceive you are either moving away from your goal or moving toward it.
The appraisal process of an event follows a cluster of mental operations (in order):
Goal Relevance, Goal Congruence/Incongruence, Ego Involvement, Credit or Blame, Coping Potential, Future Expectations.
Not all emotional events will involve a lengthy appraisal process. Life-threatening events will (hopefully) involve quick action. A more in-depth appraisal will come after the threat has passed.

26. Translation
Goal Relevance Goal Congruence/Incongruence Ego Involvement Credit/Blame Coping Potential Future Expectations

27. Narrative Content: FEAR
Is X relevant to the subject’s goals?
Is X goal-congruent or goal-incongruent?
3. Is X a threat to the subject’s life or safety?

28. Narrative Content: ANGER
Has X resulted in damage or loss relative to any ego-involvement?
Can X be attributed to some agent or object including the self or a scapegoat)?
6. Is retaliation for X a viable coping option?