1. RESPIRATORY ORGANS
LAB #42

2. PRIMARY FUNCTIONS Exchange gases (oxygen & CO2) Produce vocal sounds
Sense of smell
Regulate blood pH

3. Respiration - process of gas exchange
1.  Movement of air into lungs
2.  External respiration - between blood & air
3.  Gas transport in blood
4.  Internal respiration - between blood & body cells

4. Why do we need oxygen?
Cellular respiration = cells use oxygen & sugars to create energy in form of ATP
*ATP - then used to power cellular processes
MITOCHONDRION

6. PART A. RESPIRATORY ORGANS
Overview of the Respiratory System
Upper Respiratory Tract – nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx
Lower Respiratory Tract – larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

7. Nasal Cavity – hollow space behind the nose
1. NOSE - bones & cartilage support nose - 2 openings (nostrils)
- hair filters large particles
Nasal Cavity – hollow space behind the nose 
Nasal septum – divides the nose (bone)

8. Nasal concha – bones that divide the nasal cavity, support the mucus membrane and increase surface area (superior, middle, inferior)
     
Mucus Membrane - warms and moistens air, also traps particles (dust)
    *particles go to          stomach

10. Maxillary Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid
2. Paranasal Sinuses - spaces within  bones
Named after bones:
Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Reduce weight of skull & are resonant chambers for voice.

11. nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx
3. Pharynx – behind oral cavity, between nasal cavity & larynx (space, not a structure)
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

12. Glottis – triangular slit that opens during breathing/talking, & closes during swallowing
Epiglottis – flap-like structure that stands upright, allows air to enter larynx, it closes during swallowing to prevent food from entering airway

13. 4. Larynx – enlargement at top of trachea (vocal cords)
Composed of muscles & cartilages
- thyroid (Adam’s apple)
- cricoids
- epiglottic cartilage

14. - false vocal folds  – help close airway during swallowing (do not produce sound)          
  - true vocal folds - produce sound         
   - contracting & relaxing muscles changes pitch (increased tension = higher pitch)

16. LARYNGITIS Laryngoscope
Inflammation of larynx that makes voice hoarse, or person loses their ability to speak.
Caused by illness, allergies, smoking, some medications.
If you have chronic laryngitis, you might want to see an OTOLARYNGOLOGIST
Laryngoscope

17. 5. Trachea (windpipe)
flexible cylinder with cartilage to give it stiffness & keep it from collapsing
Trachea leads to BRONCHIAL TREE

18. 6. Bronchioles have air sacs called alveoli which are connected to the circulatory system via capillaries

19. Trachea → Primary Bronchi → Secondary Bronchi → Tertiary Bronchi → Bronchioles

20. 7. LUNGS - spongy tissue that sit within pleural cavity

21. Right Lung          = 3 lobes
Left Lung           = 2 lobes
Cardiac notch - space for heart
Serous fluid lubricates lungs during breathing

25. Figure 16.07

26. Table 16.01

27. PART A DEMONSTRATION

28. PART B. RESPIRATORY TISSUE

30. HUMAN LUNG TISSUE

32. NORMAL (LEFT) VS EMPHYSEMA (RIGHT)