1. Evolution of Language

2. When Did Language Evolve?
Pinker Interview
Symbolic Communication
First Symbols (Icons)
Diversification of Artifacts

3. Physiology of Language
Larynx
Tradeoff
Wernicke’s Area
Broca’s Area

4. Natural Selection
Advantages:
Communication
Mating

5. Humans and Chimps Planum Temporale Broca’s area /Brodmann’s area 44
Gestures vs. Speech
Cautions

6. Humans and Apes
Human Speech Anatomy
Ape Anatomy
Human Infants

7. Why Did Language Evolve?
Q. & A. Why complex language?
Two Theoretical Approaches:
Spontaneous Side Effects
Evolution for Complexity

8. Theories (Buss Book) Social Gossip Hypothesis
Social Contract Hypothesis
Scheherazade Hypothesis

9. Language (Deacon) Language and the human brain Coevolved.
Steps in Evolution:
Early Symbolic Communication
More Complex Communication Needs
Self-Perpetuating System
Changes in Anatomical Structures

10. Deacon (cont.) Add the Social element: People, not Person
Understanding and Agreement
Human Language in Apes

11. Modern Studies of Language
Complexity
Social vs. Linguistic
Feral/Isolated Children

12. Language (Diamond) Pidgin Languages 2. Creole Languages
Telegraphic Speech
Single Purpose Interaction
2. Creole Languages
Differences
Complexity
Social Interaction

13. Apes vs. Humans (Diamond)
Humans vs. Apes
Grammar and Syntax
Abstract Concepts
Root Words and Morphemes
Reading and Writing

14. Learning Language Evidence for Hardwiring
Progression of Learning Language
Crying to Sentence Formation
Word Categorization
Parent Role

15. More Learning Language
Nature vs. Nurture--Chomsky Theory
Internal Motivation
Internalization of Rules
Foreign Languages

16. Daily Use of Language Human Vocabulary Human Languages Differences
Sounds
Representation of Ideas
Organization/Syntax
Pragmatics
Reshaping Theory

17. Q: Do Animals Use Language?
Vervets
Complex social relations
Vocalizations
Reactions
“Words”
Intent

18. Animals and Language More Arguments For: Better Technology
Use of Symbols
Syntax

19. Diamond’s Language Continuum
Stage One- “Vervets”
Stage Two- Young Toddlers
Stage Three- Pidgin
Stage Four- Creole

20. Process of Language Development
Iconic, Indexical and Symbolic
Icon
Index
Concrete Associations
Symbols
Requirements
Purpose