1. Symbiosis Notes: Relationships can be found throughout nature:
Dependent and Independent
Beneficial and Harmful
Hosts and Parasites
Questions:
This rhino is in a variety of relationships some obvious and some less visible.
1) Can you name any of these partnerships?
2) What the purpose of the relationship?
3) Who does it harm or help?

2. Symbiosis
Living closely together
A partnership
Two different species

3. Animal Kingdom Examples
Nile crocodile & crocodile bird
Hermit crab & sea anemone
Buffalo & oxpecker
Shark & remora fish

4. Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone
Protection from the Sea anemone
Sea anemone
Gets leftover food

5. Buffalo & Oxpecker Buffalo Oxpecker Lets the bird eat
Eats ticks and other parasites off skin
Warns buffalo of danger

6. Lichen Slow growing plants Partnership: fungi & algae
Neither could live alone

7. Relationships
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism

8. What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
Mutualism
Both
Organisms
benefit
Commensalism
one organism benefits
one organism is unaffected
Parasitism
one organism benefits
one organism is harmed

9. Crocodile & Bird Nile crocodile Crocodile bird Usually eats animals
Allows bird to walk around its mouth
Crocodile bird
Cleans parasites in croc’s teeth
Removes and eats scraps of food
Eats harmful leeches and parasites
Notes:
Mammal - Bird relationships are common.
Questions:
Can you think of other animal-bird symbiotic relationships?
Why and how do you think this relationship evolved?
What special adaptations might have developed for this relationship?

10. Mutualism Both organisms derive mutual benefit Intimate and obligatory
Neither can survive without the other
Tickbirds and rhinos
Clownfish & sea anemone

11. Mutualism: both benefit
Example: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal
Mutualism: both benefit

12. Example
Bees get food
Flowers get pollinated

13. Mutualism: both benefit
Example: Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets protection Anemone eats fish predators
Mutualism: both benefit

14. Mutualism: both benefit
Example Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal
Mutualism: both benefit

15. Commensalism “eating together at the same table”
Only one member benefits
sharing space, defense, shelter, food
Neither will die if relationship is ended
Shrimp & sea cucumber

16. Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example: Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects
Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

17. Example: Commensalism
Birds nesting in a tree

18. Certain species of millipede and silverfish inhabit the nests of army ants and live by scavenging on the refuse of their hosts, but without affecting the ants.

19. Parasitism
Not symbiotic
Causes harm to host

20. Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example: Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind
Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

21. ONE EXAMPLE OF PARISITISM
Ticks on a deer.

22. Example: Parasitism Female mosquito uses human blood to develop eggs
Human gets an ichy bite!

23. Some video examples
Use the worksheet to make predictions about the relationships between the animal pairs.
As we watch the video fill in the worksheet.