1. Categories of
Materials
NATURAL

2. NATURAL.
Definition of a Natural material:- is a material that is derived from plants, animals or ore [ground]. It is possible to categorise Natural materials into organic materials such as wood or fibres or inorganic materials such as stone, or ore. [metallic ore to produce metals such as copper, iron, lead and gold.
Example of NATURAL Materials
Copper
Cotton
Oak
Silk

3. Timber - SOFTWOODS
There are two types of timber: softwood and hardwood.
Softwood timbers usually come from coniferous trees - that is, evergreen, needle- leaved, cone-bearing trees such as fir and pine. They do not have the hard cell structure that gives hardwood trees their name.

4. Examples of Softwoods. 1. Scots Pine 2. Red Deal 3. Red Cedar
4. Douglas Fir

5. Softwood Red Deal Pine (Whites) Use for most general building work.
Much cheaper than hardwoods.
Whitish colour
Red Deal
Better quality of Pine. Better grain patterns less knots, and a redder colour to Scots pine

6. Softwood
Red Cedar
Used for outside work, like furniture or sheds. Withstands rot and weather. Very expensive

7. Hardwood Timbers Ash, Beech, Birch, Elm, Mahogany, Oak, Teak.
Come from broad-leaved, deciduous trees, and loose their leaves in the autumn. The main hardwood timbers are
Ash,
Beech,
Birch,
Elm,
Mahogany,
Oak,
Teak.

8. Hardwoods Mahogany Teak Oak
Reddish brown colour. Used for high quality furniture.
Teak
Brown colour wood. Natural oily wood. Excellent for outdoor use garden furniture etc. Withstands the weather very well. Good chemical resistance used for benches in laboratories.
Oak
Tough hard wood. Used for high class furniture and
Wooden floors

9. High quality furniture
OAK
Natural wood that comes from the Oak tree. The Oak tree is a member of the Deciduous family of trees and the wood is categorised as a Hardwood. The tree grows in Europe, Japan and America. It has a light brown colour with attractive grain patterns.
Uses
High quality furniture
Oak flooring
Fencing

10. Property 1 Property 2 Property 3 OAK PROPERTIES A heavy and tough wood
Resists rotting well and is used for outside work.
Property 3
Attractive grain patterns

11. Teak USES High quality outdoor furniture. Old laboratory bench tops.
Brown colour wood. Natural oily wood. Excellent for outdoor use garden furniture etc. Withstands the weather very well. Good chemical resistance used for benches in laboratories.
USES
High quality outdoor furniture. Old laboratory bench tops.

12. Property 1 Property 2 Property 3 TEAK PROPERTIES
Natural oily good resistance to wet conditions
Property 2
Good chemical resistance
Property 3
Good resistance to attack from termites and insects

13. Mahogany
Reddish brown colour. Used for High quality furniture.

14. Property 1 Property 2 Property 3 MAHOGANY PROPERTIES
Excellent grain patterns and is used for high quality furniture
Property 2
Excellent workability and can be carved or shaped to intricate forms.
Property 3
Straight grain which makes it easier to work.

15. COTTON
A natural material obtained from cotton plants. It has to be weaved to be of any use as a material.
USES
T Shirts
Rugs
Bed Linen

16. Property 1 COTTON PROPERTIES Property 2 Property 3
Cotton is an aesthetically pleasing material with natural draping properties with a natural lustre.
Property 2
A comfortable material to wear against the skin because it absorbs sweat, and therfore keeps the wearer comfortable.
Property 3
It creases easily but it is possible to treat the material to reduce the problem.

17. SILK
A natural material obtained from the cocoon of a silk worm. It has to be weaved to a fine thread to be of any use as a material.

18. SILK
High Lustre

19. USES of Silk
High quality shirts, Night wear, blouses, lingerie.

20. SILK PROPERTIES
Property 1
Silk is one of the strongest of all the natural fibers; however it does lose up to 20% of its strength when wet.
Property 2
High Lustre
Due to the triangular shape (allowing light to hit it at many different angles), silk is a bright fiber meaning it has a natural shine to it.
Property 3
When held, silk has a smooth, soft texture that, unlike many synthetic fibers, is not slippery.

21. Copper
Its highly possible that copper was the first metal used by man. It is a metal that
Has been extracted from copper ore[dug from the ground. It is regarded that ore with 2% of copper in it is regarded as high in metal content, so therefore there is a lot of waste in the production of copper. Copper is pure metal of reddish colour with melting point of 1100oC
USES
Electrical wires
Water pipes
Saucepan

22. Property 1 PROPERTIES OF COPPER Property 2 Property 3 Property 4
Malleable
Can be bent over and over before breaking
Property 2
Ductile
Can be stretched into long thin wire
Property 3
Good conductor of electricity
Property 4
Good conductor of heat
Property 5
High resistance to corrosion