1. The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia
Chapter 29, Section 1: The Land

2. Important Vocabulary
Cordillera: parallel mountain ranges and plateaus.
Archipelago: groups of islands from tectonic plate activity.
Insular: island nations. Ex: Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines.
Flora: meaning plants.
Fauna: meaning animals.

3. Peninsulas & Islands
Eurasian, Philippine, and Indo-Australian tectonic plate activity.
Mainland: Indochina and Malay Peninsula.
Malay Archipelago – East Indies.

4. Mainland Southeast Asia
Indochina: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Myanmar.
Malay: Thailand and Malaysia.

5. Island Southeast Asia
Insular nations: East Timor, Brunei, the Philippines, and Singapore.

6. Mountains & Volcanoes
Indochina Peninsula’s western and northern highlands.
Three cordilleras: the Arakan Yoma Range, the Bilauktaung Range, and the Annam Cordillera.
Island volcanic mountains are part of Ring of Fire.

7. Water Systems
The major rivers are: Irrawaddy River (Myanmar), the Chao Phraya River (Thailand), and the Red River (Vietnam).
The Mekong River runs from China along the border between Thailand and Laos.

8. Fossil Fuels Plenty of fossil fuels.
Petroleum, natural gas, and coal are produced and exported.
Indonesia is a member of OPEC.

9. Minerals & Gems Abundance of minerals: nickel, iron, copper, and tin.
Wealth of gems: rubies, sapphires, pearls.

10. Flora & Fauna Both are diverse and exotic.
Flora: Rafflesia Arnoldii and orchids.
Fauna: elephants, tigers, rhinos, orangutans, Komodo dragon, bearded pig, lacewing butterfly, and the Irrawaddy dolphin.

11. The Physical Geography of Southeast Asia
Chapter 29, Section 2: Climate and Vegetation

12. Important Vocabulary
Endemic: species native to a particular area. 80% of trees and shrubs grown in Singapore are gone.

13. Tropical Wet Climate
The islands and mainland coastal areas have a tropical wet climate with year-round wet conditions and minimal temperature change.
Rainfall averages between 79 and 188 inches per year with humidity levels between 80 and 90%.

14. Singapore
Singapore was initially covered by dense rainforest, however, it is now developed into an urban area.
The trees and shrubs imported from Central and South America.

15. Tropical Dry Climate
A tropical (winter) dry climate: the Indochina Peninsula and along southeastern Indonesia.
Wet and dry season alterations characterize the climate, which supports tropical grasslands, scattered trees, and some forests.

16. Mid-latitude Regions
Laos, parts of Thailand, and Northern Myanmar and Vietnam have a humid, subtropical climate.
Mountainous areas in Myanmar, New Guinea, and Borneo have predominately cooler highland climates.