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THERMAL ENGINEERING-I

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Presentation on theme: "THERMAL ENGINEERING-I"— Presentation transcript:

1 THERMAL ENGINEERING-I
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT CIET

2 Synopsis Introduction Air-Cycles Fuel-air cycles Actual cycles
Engine systems

3 Introduction Heat Engine Classification I.C.Engine
Components and Nomenclature Applications Working principle

4 Classification of Heat Engines

5 Classification of IC Engines

6 Classification of IC Engines
Reciprocating (Multi cylinder) (Single cylinder) Rotary (Wankel) Opposed Cyl(2/4/6) Single rotor Twin rotor Inclined Vee Cyl (4/6/8/12)

7 Application of Engines
IC Engine EC Engine Type Application Gasoline Automotive, Marine Aircraft Steam Engines Locomotives, Marine Gas Industrial, Power Stirling Experimental Space vehicles Diesel Automotive , Locomotive, Power Marine Steam Turbines Power Large Marine Gas turbines Industrial CCGT

8 Basic Engine Components

9 Basic Engine Components
Cylinder block Cylinder

10 Basic Engine Components
Cylinder Piston Cylinder block

11 Basic Engine Components
Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR

12 Basic Engine Components
Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR

13 Basic Engine Components
Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank Crank shaft

14 Basic Engine Components
Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

15 Basic Engine Components
Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

16 Water jacket for cooling
Basic Engine Components Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

17 Water jacket for cooling
Basic Engine Components Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

18 Water jacket for cooling
Basic Engine Components Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

19 Water jacket for cooling
Basic Engine Components Exhaust manifold Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

20 Water jacket for cooling
Basic Engine Components Exhaust manifold Exhaust valve Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

21 Basic Engine Components
Spark plug Exhaust manifold Exhaust valve Inlet valve Inlet manifold Gudgeon pin Small end of CR Cylinder Piston Water jacket for cooling Cylinder block Connection rod Big end of CR Crank case Crank Crank pin Crank shaft

22 Reciprocating motion into Rotary motion
Crank pin Connecting rod Crank Crank shaft

23 Reciprocating motion into Rotary motion

24 Reciprocating motion into Rotary motion

25 Basic Engine Components
Cylinder Piston Combustion chamber Inlet manifold Exhaust manifold Inlet and Exhaust valves Spark plug Connecting rod Crankshaft Piston rings Gudgeon pin Cam shaft Cams Fly wheel Fig. Cross-section of a SI Engine

26

27 Piston diameter or Cylinder bore
Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Piston diameter or Cylinder bore

28 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC

29 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC BDC

30 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC Stroke BDC

31 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC BDC Stroke

32 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r IDC ODC

33 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r IDC ODC

34 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r TDC Stroke BDC

35 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Clearance volume (Vc) TDC Stroke BDC

36 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Clearance volume (Vc) TDC Swept volume (Vs) Stroke BDC

37 Nomenclature Cylinder bore (d) Piston area (A) Dead Centre TDC/IDC
BDC/ODC Stroke (L) Vs , Vc, r Clearance volume (Vc) TDC Swept volume (Vs) Stroke BDC Compression ratio,

38 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC

39 Air + Fuel mixture from carburetor
Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

40 Air + Fuel mixture from carburetor
Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

41 Air + Fuel mixture from carburetor
Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

42 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1
Suction 1

43 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1
Suction 1

44 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC 2 BDC PV=C Compression 1
Suction 1

45 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P
Combustion initiation by Spark plug Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC BDC V=C Combustion 2 PV=C Compression Suction 1

46 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC Combustion V=C PV=C
BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 PV=C Compression Suction 1

47 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC Combustion V=C PV=C
BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 PV=C Compression Suction 1

48 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P 3 TDC Combustion V=C PV=C
BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Compression Suction 1

49 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products 3 TDC
BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Heat rejection Compression V=C Suction 1 5 Exhaust

50 Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products 3 TDC
BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Heat rejection Compression V=C Suction 1 5 Exhaust

51 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0
Working of 4-S SI Engine I.V.C E.V.C Otto Cycle V P Mechanical cycle 3 TDC BDC V=C Combustion PV=C Expansion 2 4 PV=C Heat rejection Compression V=C Suction 1 5 Exhaust

52 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC

53 Working of 4-S CI Engine Air only I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

54 Working of 4-S CI Engine Air only I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

55 Working of 4-S CI Engine Air only I.V.O E.V.C V P TDC BDC Suction

56 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1
Suction 1

57 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC PV=C Compression 1
Suction 1

58 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC 2 BDC PV=C Compression 1
Suction 1

59 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P Fuel from pump
Fuel supply by Injector Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC Local self ignition Combustion 3 2 Compression PV=C P=C Suction 1

60 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P Fuel from pump
Fuel supply by Injector Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC BDC Increased local self ignition Combustion 3 2 Compression PV=C P=C Suction 1

61 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P Fuel supply cut-off TDC
BDC Compression PV=C Combustion 3 P=C 2 Suction 1

62 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC Combustion 3 2 P=C PV=C
BDC Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 Suction 1

63 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC Combustion 3 2 P=C PV=C
BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 Suction 1

64 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C V P TDC Combustion 3 2 P=C PV=C
BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5

65 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products TDC
BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5 Exhaust

66 Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.O V P Combustion products TDC
BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5 Exhaust

67 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0
Working of 4-S CI Engine I.V.C E.V.C Diesel Cycle V P Mechanical cycle TDC BDC 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection Suction 1 5 Exhaust

68 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0
Otto Cycle and Diesel Cycle V P 5 4 Suction Exhaust Otto Cycle Mechanical cycle 1 Combustion Compression 3 2 PV=C V=C Expansion Heat rejection V P Suction 5 Exhaust Diesel Cycle Mechanical cycle 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection 1 Higher compression ratios possible by using diesel cycle and hence higher efficiency

69 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0 Mechanical cycle 0-1-2-3-4-5-0
Otto Cycle and Diesel Cycle V P 5 4 Suction Exhaust Otto Cycle Mechanical cycle 1 Combustion Compression 3 2 PV=C V=C Expansion Heat rejection V P Suction 5 Exhaust Diesel Cycle Mechanical cycle 4 Expansion PV=C Compression Combustion 3 P=C 2 V=C Heat Rejection 1 3’ For same compression ratios: Otto cycle is more efficient than diesel cycle

70 Working of 2-S SI Engine P V Spark plug Deflector TDC Exhaust port BDC
Transfer port Intake port

71 Working of 2-S SI Engine Previously compressed charge Suction

72 Working of 2-S SI Engine Combustion TDC BDC Suction

73 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction Suction

74 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

75 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

76 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

77 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust E.P.O Suction

78 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products)
Suction

79 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.O

80 Working of 2-S SI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.C

81 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products)
Suction Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.O

82 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products)
Suction Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.C Suction

83 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction E.P.C Suction

84 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

85 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

86 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

87 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

88 Working of 2-S SI Engine Compression Suction Suction

89 Working of 2-S CI Engine Fuel injector Deflector TDC Exhaust port BDC
Transfer port Intake port

90 Working of 2-S CI Engine Previously compressed air Suction

91 Working of 2-S CI Engine Fuel injection Combustion TDC BDC Suction

92 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction Suction

93 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

94 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

95 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust Suction

96 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust E.P.O Suction

97 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products)
Suction

98 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.O

99 Working of 2-S CI Engine Expansion Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.C

100 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products)
Suction Exhaust (combustion products) I.P.O

101 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Exhaust (combustion products)
Suction Exhaust (combustion products) T.P.C Suction

102 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction E.P.C Suction

103 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

104 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

105 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

106 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

107 Working of 2-S CI Engine Compression Suction Suction

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