1. OA4202 Final Project Monterey Fire Network
Captain D.J. Cote, USMC Major T.F. Dono, USMC
With special thanks to
Fire Captain Jim Brown of Monterey Fire
Nov 3, 2011
Have you ever wanted to be a firefighter as a kid or wondered when you saw a speeding fire truck go by, where is it going, where did it come from, How big is the fire, and
What station should deploy forces to a given fire?

2. Overview Background – Standards of Coverage Graph Depiction
Research Questions / MOEs
Modeling Assumptions
Experiments -- Results
Conclusions
Further Research x

3. Backstory Monterey Fire Responsiveness
on the Monterey Peninsula Road Network
Imagine a BIG FIRE in the center of the peninsula – Where is this??
First thought about a GRAPH
Thought of a MAP first – Roads and Road Intersections – What’s close to home, relevant, and deals with meeting a demand?
Network= Graph PLUS Capacities, just like the definition
If this were a thesis, this would be the title

4. What is the Standard? Fire Stations at 1.5 miles apart
There is a response standard STILL on the books today
The Insurance Services Office (ISO) FD Grading Schedule
3)*240 seconds or less travel time for the arrival of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression incident and 480 seconds or less travel time for the deployment of an initial full alarm assignment at a fire suppression incident
* 1.5 miles was time for horse drawn buggy to carry water
Fire Stations at 1.5 miles apart

5. Current Standard The National Fire Protection Association
(NFPA , 2010)
The FD shall establish a performance objective of….
Alarm processing time of 60 seconds (1 min turnover)
240 seconds for first arriving engine company (4 mins)
480 seconds for the full alarm assignment (8 mins)
For the achievement of each turnout, not less than 90%.
3)*240 seconds or less travel time for the arrival of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression incident and 480 seconds or less travel time for the deployment of an initial full alarm assignment at a fire suppression incident
* 1.5 miles was time for horse drawn buggy to carry water

6. Monterey Fire Dept. Standards of Coverage
Initial apparatus in 6 min (5+1)/80% vs. 5/90%(NFPA)
Concentrated Forces 8 min (7+1)/80% vs. 9/90%(NFPA)
3)*240 seconds or less travel time for the arrival of the first arriving engine company at a fire suppression incident and 480 seconds or less travel time for the deployment of an initial full alarm assignment at a fire suppression incident
* 1.5 miles was time for horse drawn buggy to carry water
Time to target time is a better MOE than distance

7. Actual Sectors of Cover for Monterey Fire Dept.

8. A few logical questions…
With the assets of the MFD and a given fire
One primary Questions –
What is the Response Time in minutes?
What is the Allocation of Forces?
What if some FSs were unavailable?
How does interdiction impact response time?
Can the system handle simultaneous fires?
Can the Monterey Fire maintain time to target goals with multiple fires?
Maybe you have a fire station near you
MFMC == Max flow min cost

9. Measures of Effectiveness
RESPONSE TIME
Time required for concentrated forces
Insight for reach within a target time
ALLOCATION OF FORCES
Distribution of assets for a given fire demand
Insight on most strained Fire Stations

10. Monterey Fire Department Assets
Pebble Beach Station1 1 Engine + 1 Ladder
Pebble Beach Station2 1 Engine
Pacific Grove Station 1 Engine
Monterey Station1 1 Engine + 1 Ladder
Monterey Station Engine
Monterey Station Engine
Seaside Station 2 Engine
TOTAL Engine + 2 Ladder

11. Modeling Assumptions NO distinction between vehicle types
8 Engine + 2 Ladder = 10 “FireTrucks”
ALL calls are Structural Fires
Demand of 5 “FireTrucks” (Close to reality)
ONLY four fire locations
CHOMP, Aquarium, Wharf, Airport

12. Graph Representation (Nodes)
Node Selection
Seven Fire Stations
Major road intersections
Center point of Residential Areas
Highly populated fire locations
Why are these high risk? Give more backstory here with literature
We focused on FOUR High Risk Fire location, depictions here
More about capacity in a minute

13. Graph Representation (Edges)
Edge COST is the time to travel an edge
Time = distance / MPH
Done talking about GRAPH. Time to talk about the NETWORK.
Right now, we’ve only mentioned the COST on the graph
Just trying to model the speed limitations that the firetruck can travel. Turns out in reality, average speed of trucks to fire is usually the average of the posted speed limit. Rarely do they, or can they can their average speed much higher.

14. Min Cost Max Flow (cost, 0, 1) (8, 0, ∞) FS1 Demand = 5 Supply = -5
(15, 0, ∞)
Demand = 5
Graph + Flow = Network t
(0, 5, ∞)
(cost, 0, 2)

15. Graph Depiction ****PICTURE OF Graph
Point out the VARIETY OF nodes – RES, Intersections, FD, Points of Interest, i.e. Airport

16. Graph Depiction Airport CHOMP Aquarium Fish. Wharf
****PICTURE OF NETWORK
FDs in red

17. HANDOVER

18. MFD Battlefield Setup xxx FireTrucks at FS = 1 2 2
Imagine a BIG FIRE in the center of the peninsula – Where is this??
First thought about a GRAPH
Thought of a MAP first – Roads and Road Intersections – What’s close to home, relevant, and deals with meeting a demand?
Network= Graph PLUS Capacities, just like the definition
If this were a thesis, this would be the title
FireTrucks
at FS = 2

19. Modeling Interdiction
Degrade the capability of a FS to respond
Remove assets
Less trucks available
Prior tasking

20. Design of Experiments All Fire Stations full strength
Fire Station interdiction – 1, 2, 3
Two simultaneous structural fires
All FS full strength PLUS a new FS with 2 trucks

21. Results Only helps Airport thus Airport is strained
Otherwise no help -- Optimal

22. Allocation of Resources
PB1
PB2 PG M1 M2 M3
SSD
Approx.
Location
Forest Lake
Near CHOMP
Pine Ave
City Hall
Cannery Row
Near Fair-grounds
Top of Broad-way
Airport ✔
Aqua-rium
CHOMP
Wharf

23. Interdicting Fire Stations
Who is robust?
Who is safe??

24. Simultaneous Fires with New FS

25. = Conclusions MFD has a great battlefield setup
MFD can STILL achieve time goals with TWO simultaneous structural fires
This study reinforces the strength of the current system
Functional, resilient and efficient =

26. Model Improvements More nodes to better simulate reality Fire sites
Intersections
Multi-commodity
Timing
Exact fire demand, i.e. 4 Engines, 1 Ladder
Fire demands other than structural
Integration with other FSs, i.e. Carmel, Salinas

27. Questions?
Thank you Monterey Fire