1. 2. The Article 5 provisional report
1st meeting of EU Strategic Steering Group WFD/Agriculture 25 April 2005, Brussels Odense Pilot River Basin Links between WFD and Agriculture Harley Bundgaard Madsen Head of Marine- and Hydrology Department, Fyn County, DK
1. Introduction
2. The Article 5 provisional report
3. Agricultural pressure and impact on Odense Fjord
4. Programme of measures
5. Agri Environmental Schemes
6. Conclusions

2. Odense Pilot River Basin Denmark, Europe
Odense Fjord
Natura 2000 areas
Odense City
Odense River
Power plant

3. Odense River Basin Land use: Agriculture: Urban areas: 16%
The basin: inhabitants
Area: 1050 km2
Land use:
Urban areas: 16%
Agriculture: 68%
Woodland: 10%
Nature (meadows, mires, dry grasslands, wetlands): 6%
Agriculture:
1870 farms (50% livestock farms)
Livestock production:
LU (59% pigs, 37% cattle), 1 mill. pigs/year
Livestock density: 0,9 LU/ha
Odense Fjord
Natura 2000 areas
Odense City
( inhab.)
Odense River

4. Odense Pilot River Basin The overall aims
Phase 1, :
An Article 5 provisional report and reporting on testing the EU Guidance Documents
Phase 2, :
A Pilot River Basin Management Plan incl. Programme of Measures and a monitoring programme. Focus Area: WFD and Agriculture (LIFE Application: OdensePRB-AgriPoM)

6. WFD Article 5 Provisional Report Conclusions

7. Coastal waters Odense Fjord
Area: 63 km2
Mean depth: 2,3 m
Max. depth: 8 m
Mean residence time of water from River Odense:
Inner fjord: 9 d.
All fjord: 17 d.
Area load to the fjord (2001):
- N: 32 gN/m2
P: 0,88 gP/m2
Gabet
Hindsholm
Odense Fjord
Klintebjerg
Værft
Seden Strand
Fynsværket
Odense

8. Impact on Odense Fjord: Eutrophication
Filamentous algae and eelgrass
Ulva

9. Oxygen depletion August-September 2002
3.747 km2 : < 4 mg oxygen per liter
2.586 km2 : < 2 mg oxygen per liter
L:\BVH\ilt2002\2002sep
2002udbred_26aug20sep.gif
14cm i bredde

10. Odense Fjord N and P load and concentration
Nitrogen
Phosphorus

11. Pressures on Odense Fjord: Power Plant, Shipyard, Landfill

12. Pressure on Odense Fjord: Wastewater
Wastewater Treatment Plants in Odense River Basin:
BOD-removal: 99%
N-removal: 93%
P-removal: 98%

13. Pressure Agriculture Production of livestock
The catchment
houses
aprox
livestock units (LU)
which equals
0,9 LU/ha
Number of livestock units per
hectare cultivated area
(LU/ha)
1,0 LU = 36 pigs produced per year (100 kg N in manure/year)
Figur (Ole Jørgensen må have en brugbar original, hvis denne ikke kan bruges…)

14. Pressure Agriculture Use of N in fertilisers on the fields

16. Pressure Agriculture N-balance
Nitrogen Balance in Odense River Basin:
Total N-input: 12,400 tonnes
Utilised in products: 4,300 tonnes
N-surplus lost to the environment: 8,100 tonnes
8,100 t N/year equals N in untreated wastewater from 1.8 mio. people!

17. Programme of Measures Conceptual Diagram
Env. Objectives
Env. Conditions
Economy ok?
- Cost effectiveness
- Disproportional?
Max. acceptable
loading
Households
and Industri
Agriculture
Physical
Conditions

18. Programme of Measures
Ecological condition of Odense Fjord versus nitrogen loading from the catchment
(Conceptual Diagram)
Ecological qualiy elements
Deptlimit
Eel-grasses
Concentration
Nitrogen
Macroalgae
WFD-
Classification
Bad………..
Poor…..…..
Moderate...
Good…….
High………..
Reference..
Loading
Tons N/Year
Max N-loadings
( Target load )

19. Reference Conditions Eelgrass depth limits ca. 1890 and today (1990ies)
l:\bvh\hav\alegraes\alegraes_gr.png og alegraes_gr_sig.png

20. Programme of Measures Nitrogen Load (landbased) to Odense Fjord (Normalized to mean water discharge )

21. Programme of Measures Agriculture (Example: Odense Fjord, pollution from agriculture)
Quantitative ecological quality criteria for Odense Fjord (objectives)
Economy ok?
- Cost effectiveness
- Disproportional?
Target for maximum loading (ton/yr); (ton/month)
Target for maximum leachage (kg/ha)
Target for land use
Target for maximum fertilizing (kg/ha)
Wetlands (ha)
Catch-crops
Extent of nature areas (ha)
Manure (LU/ha); (kg/ha)
Fertilizer (kg/ha)

22. “VFD-scenario” Scenario on agricultural measures in the catchment of
Area ha
(percent of
agricultural area)
Reduced
Leaching
Tonnes
Nitrogen
Reduced loading
Odense Fjord
Tonnes N
Cost +
Cost eff.
1000 Dkr
DDK/kg N removed
20% reduction on national N-fertilizer quota
508
254
10.160 40
Wetlands
in River-valleys
4000 (5,7%)
400
11.600 29
New forests on
cultivated areas
5000 (7,1%)
214
112
14.000
125
Increased use of Catch-crops
185 93
1.302 14
10% higher utilisation of
all manure
148 74
2.960
17% reduced livestock production
(10000 LU pigs)
108 54
16.200
300
Reduction in cultivated area (urbanisation)
1470 (2%) 57 -
Organic farming - increased
area
2500 (3,6%) 50 25
7.175
287
Catch-crops: Optimised use
of existing catch-crops
3200 (4,6%) 38 19
Total reduction and total costs
Cost efficiency – average
1600
1060
63.000
59 Dkr/kgN
Odense Fjord loading today (flow normalized):
2000
“VFD-scenario”
Scenario on
agricultural
measures in
the catchment of
Odense Fjord to
meet provisional WFD-
objectives
Source:
Danish Ministry
for Food, Agriculture and
Fisheries
and
Danish Forest and
Nature Agency
December 2003

23. WFD-scenario, Odense Fjord
Scenario on
agricultural
measures in
the catchment of
Odense Fjord to
meet environmental
objectives
Effect of agricultural programme of measures and costs
Reduced loading to
Odense Fjord
Nitrogen
Cost + Cost –effectiveness
EURO
Total
1060 tonnes/yr
4-8 million EURO/yr
Cost effectiveness
4-8 EURO/kg N
Current sewage treatment and maintenance of sewer systems
40 million EURO/yr
Total loading to Odense Fjord
2000 tonnes/year
Source:
Danish Ministry
for Food, Agriculture and
Fisheries
and
Danish Forest and
Nature Agency
December 2003

24. Heavily modified watercources Restoration, establisment of wetlands and bufferzones

25. Wetlands 1890-1992 Odense Pilot River Basin

26. Agri Environmental Schemes (Agreements on Environmental friendly farming)
Fyn County: ha identified as env. sensitive areas (21% of agricultural area)
1999: Agreements on ha (2,6% of the agricultural area)
2004: Agreements on ha (3,1% of the agricultural area)
Voluntary and temporary agreements
(5 and 20 years)

27. Conclusion 1
To achieve the WFD’s objective (good ecological status) in Odense Fjord it’s necessary to reduce the nitrogen loading by about 50% (1000 tons N/year or 9.5 kg N/ha)
The expenses related to agriculture amounts mill DKK (4-8 mill EURO) per year
The most cost effective measures (14-40 DKK/kg N) are extended use of catch crops, establishment of wetlands, higher utilisation of N in manure and reduction of total nitrogen use
Measures as wetlands, buffer zones along rivers and lakes and afforestation give added bonus in the form of more nature in the basin

28. Conclusion 2
Current Agri Environmental Schemes (agreements on environmental friendly farming) are not at all sufficient to cover the expenses
The current Agri Environmental Schemes favour the Natura 2000 land areas at the expense of the national/regional nature areas
There is a need for financial support in catchments to Natura 2000 marine areas and other sensitive marine areas
Voluntary and temporary schemes will not ensure achievement of the WFD objectives in time
An expected increase of the agriculture production in the basin will threaten the achievement of the WFD objectives

29. Odense Pilot River Basin
Thank you for your attention…

30. Natura 2000 areas
Natura 2000 area
Catchment to Natura 2000 areas

31. Expected development in agricultural production (source: Danish Agriculture)
Denmark
Fyn County
2001
2015
Pig production (mio/yr)
21,8
26,0 (+ 19 %)
2,1
2,9 (+ 39 %)
Live stock units (mio)
1 LSU = 100 kg N in manure from storage tanks
2,6
2,3 (- 12 %)
0,2
0,2 (0 %)
Agricultural area (mio ha)
2,67
2,50 (- 6 %)

32. Restored wetlands in Denmark and Fyn County
APAE II, Goal: ha (3.600 tons N)
APAE III, Goal: ha ( tons)
Restored wetlands by 2003: ha.
Fyn County:
Restored wetlands by 2003: 486 ha (130 tons N)

33. Agri Environmental Schemes (Agreements on Environmental friendly farming)
Applications for financial support 2004 (mill DKK)
Available financial support (mill DKK)
Denmark
Fyn County
(1/10 x DK)
Natura 2000
Other areas
460
916 31 44
310
~ 31
Natura 2000 areas: 2% of total area of Fyn County
Nature areas: 6% of total area of Fyn County