1. State Restructuring and Power Sharing: Issues of Contemporary Times

2. Variant structures of states
Equal Federal Structures (states): USA, Australia, Germany, South Africa
Unequal Federal Structures (States): India (J&K, Sikkim), Canada (Quebec)
Autonomous regions in Unitary State: China
Regional Political Strutures: Srilanka, United Kingdom
Decentralized Local Structures: Norwey, Sweden, Denmark
Nepal??
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3. Constitution of Nepal
In order to fulfill the aspirations for perpetual peace, good governance, development and prosperity through the medium of federal democratic republican system of governance, hereby promulgate this Constitution through the Constituent Assembly.
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4. Why Nepal requires state restructuring?
Establishing rights
Recognizing voices
Sharing resources
Enlargnig/Expanding choices
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5. Why Nepal requires state restructuring?
State restructuring is something that is directly associated with political re-imagination of the state as per the spirit of the time and is a continuous process in democracy
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6. Sectors of Restructuring
Political
Administrative
Social/Cultural
Fiscal
What it means in Nepal?
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7. What is the definition of state of Nepal?
ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax'wfld{s, ax';f+:s[lts ljz]iftfo'Qm, ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf /x]sf ;dfg cfsf+Iff / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jtGqtf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt tyf ;d[l4k|lt cf:yfjfg /xL Pstfsf] ;"qdf cfa4 ;a} g]kfnL hgtf ;dli6df /fi6« xf] -wf/f #_
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9. Federal System Province no. 3 Federation KTM Metropolitan City
Coordination
Cooperation
Coexistence

10. Principles of State Restructuring and Federalism in Nepal
Unity in diversity by recognizing the multi-ethnic multi-lingual, multi religious, multi cultural and diverse regional characteristics
Build an egalitarian society founded on the proportional, participatory and inclusive principles
Ensure economic equality, prosperity and social justice
Eliminating discrimination based on class, caste, region, language, religion and gender
Right to autonomy
Self-rule

11. Principles of State Restructuring and Federalism in Nepal
Eliminate caste based untouchability
Committed to socialism
Based on democratic norms and values
Competitive multi-party system of governance
Civil liberties
Fundamental rights
Human rights
Adult franchise
Periodic elections
Full freedom of the press
Independent impartial and competent Judiciary
Rule of law

12. Ultimate Destination:
Prosperous Nepal

13. State restructuring(local level)
Function
Geography
Population
Socio-Cultural Structure
Access
Resources
Geographical Continuity
conurbation

14. Principles of Restructuring(local level)
Economies of scale
Principle of subsidiarity
Principle of exception
Inclusion
Consolidation of structure on the basis of consolidation of function
Principle of representation

15. Criteria or bases A. Identity: Ethnicity/community (जातीय/समुदायगत)
Language (भाषिक)
Culture (सांस्कृतिक)
Historical continuity (ऐतिहासिक निरन्तरता)
Geographic continuity (भौगोलिक/क्षेत्रगत निरन्तरता)
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16. Criteria or bases B. Capability:
Economic inter-dependence/capability (आर्थिक अन्तरसम्बन्ध र सामर्थ्य)
Status of infrastructures and their viability (पूर्वाधार विकासको अवस्था र सम्भावना)
Availability of natural resource (प्राकृतिक साधन र स्रोतको उपलब्धता)
Administrative accessibility (प्रशासनिक सुगमता)
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17. Power Sharing in Nepal Principles Organization/sharing of Power
Cooperation vs. Competition
Separation vs. Balance of Power
Horizontal power sharing : power sharing between the three organs of government (legislative, executive and judiciary)
Vertical power sharing : sharing state power between different territorial layers of government (federal, state, and local levels)
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;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?nfO{ ljz]ift lgDg tLg ;d"xdf auL{s/0f ug{ ;lsG5M
gLlt lgdf{0f, lgodg tyf cg'udg sfo{x? (Policy and regulatory works)
k|Zff;sLo tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x? (Back office functions)
;]jf k|jfx;+u ;DalGwt sfo{x? (Frontline service delivery)
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19. tx cg';f/ clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] auL{s/0fsf
;+3sf sfo{{x?M ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x?
/fli6«o gLlt tyf lgodgx?
dfkb08 tf]Sg]
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
cGt/fli6«o ;DaGw
cg';Gwfg tyf gljgd\td k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
s]Gb|Lo tYof+s
cGt/;/sf/L ;dGjo
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20. clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] afF8kmfF8sf] l;4fGtx?
k|b]zsf sfo{{x?M ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x?
k|fb]lzs gLlt tyf lgodgx?
k|fb]lzs dfkb08 tf]Sg]
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
cg';Gwfg tyf gljgd\td k|ljlwsf] ljsf;
k|fb]lzs tYof+s
cGt/lgsfo ;dGjo
;+3Lo tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/nfO{ k|Zff;sLo tyf ;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos Joj:yfx?
© NASC 2019

21. clwsf/ tyf sfo{x?sf] afF8kmfF8sf] l;4fGtx?
:yfgLo ;/sf/sf sfo{{x?M ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ePsf Psn tyf ;femf clwsf/x?
:yfgLo gLlt tyf lgodgx?
:yfgLo dfkb08 tf]Sg]
cg'udg tyf d"Nof+sg
:yfgLo tYof+s
;]jf k|jfxsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x?
© NASC 2019

22. Key Issues
Whether the restructured governments are symmetric? Or assymetric?
Symmetry of functions assigned to asymmetry of governments
Are all provinces symmetric?
Are the local governments symmetric?
Tila Gufa Municipality (Kalikot) vs. Dhulikhel Municipality (Kavre)
Lahan Municipality (Siraha) vs. Putalibazar Municipality (Syangja)
Bharatpur Metropolitan City (Chitwan) vs. Kathmandu Metropolitan City (Kathmandu)
What about the functions?
The functions for provinces and local governments are symmetric (Schedule-5)
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23. FAQs
Centralized of decentralized federalism, which is suitable in Nepal? (Decentralized federal countries: Switzerland, Canada vs. centralized federal country: Malaysia)
What is the scope/space of district (district government)?
Should Nepal have single or dual judicial system?
Is it necessary to have constitution implementation mechanism and transition plan for next few years?
What should be the relationship between the rights to self- determination and federalism?
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24. FAQs
How should the recognition of diversity of language be managed in Nepal?
How should the levying and collection of taxes be allocated among the federal, province and local governments?
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25. Potential risks (opportunities)
Implementing constitution
Reaching people
Building ownership on state and national solidarity
Making federalism a good means
Strengthening local government
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26. Thank You
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