1. Heating/Cooling of Molecules
1. Describe what the colors looked like and how they moved and mixed in the cold water. 2. Describe what the colors looked like and how they moved and mixed in the hot water. 3. What does the speed of the mixing colors tell you about the speed of the molecules in hot and cold water?

2. States of Matter There are five states of matter: 1 – Solid 2– Liquid
3 – Gas
4 – Plasma
5 – Bose - Einstein

3. States of Matter -- Solid
Charateristics:
Definite shape
Definite volume
Do not easily compress or expand
Very strong energy binding particles

4. States of Matter -- Solid
Distances between atoms or molecules:
Particles are tightly packed together

5. States of Matter -- Solid
Movement of Atoms or molecules
Particles vibrate back and forth

6. States of Matter -- Solid
Crystalline Solid – made up of crystals (atoms in a pattern); when reaches the melting point, the crystal turn into a liquid
Example: snow

7. States of Matter -- Solid
Amorphous solid – not arranged in a pattern; no melting point; becomes softer and softer as temperature rises;
Example: plastic

8.
Phet States of Matter Annimation

9. States of Matter -- Liquid
Characteristics:
No definite shape
Takes on the shape of the container holding it
Do not easily compress or expand
Strong energy binding particles

10. States of Matter -- Liquid
Distances between atoms or molecules:
Even though particles move freely, they stay close to each other (almost as close as in a solid)

11. States of Matter -- Liquid
Movement of Atoms or molecules
Particles are free to move

12.
Phet States of Matter Annimation

13. States of Matter -- Gas Characteristics: Easy to compress or to expand
Takes the shape of the
container holding it; expands
to fill the entire container
No definite shape
No definite volume
Weak energy binding
particles

14. States of Matter -- Gas Distances between atoms or molecules:
particles move more freely than liquids

15. States of Matter -- Gas Movement of Atoms or molecules
Particles are free to move at high speeds.

16.
Phet States of Matter Annimation

17. 3 common phases of matter

18. States of Matter -- Plasma
Characteristics:
Atoms are stripped of their electrons
Nuclei are packed close together
Occurs at extremely high temperatures (like inside a star)

19. States of Matter -- Plasma
Distances between atoms or molecules:
Nuclei are close together and moving fast enough to collide with one another; fusion can take place (two nuclei combine to form a new larger nuclei

20. States of Matter -- Plasma
Movement of Atoms or molecules
Nuclei and electrons are moving at incredibly fast speeds but they are held close together

22. States of Matter – Bose-Einstein

23. BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE (B.E.C)
Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) are super-unexcited and super-cold atoms.

24. Changes in States of Matter
Note: The word “point” is added to each change type to refer to the temperature at which the change takes place

25. Changes in States of Matter
CHANGE BETWEEN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS
Melting -- change from a solid to a liquid
Freezing– change from liquid to solid

26. Changes in States of Matter
CHANGE BETWEEN LIQUIDS AND GASES
Vaporization – change from liquid to a gas
Evaporation – takes place only on the surface of the liquid
Boiling – takes place inside the liquid as well as on the surface
Condensation – change from a gas into a liquid

27. Changes in States of Matter
CHANGES BETWEEN SOLIDS AND GASES
Sublimation – solid particles “jump” directly to the gas state without first becoming a liquid

28. Changes in States of Matter
***ENERGY DURING PHASES CHANGES – Energy must be lost to the environment or gained from the environment in order for any phase change to take place

29. Notice the temperature-thermal energy graph line is flat during the phase change!