1. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for Aviation United Nations International Committee on GNSS December, Ken Alexander United States (US) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

2. GNSS Aviation Integrity
Using ICAO GNSS Implementation Strategy and ICAO Standards and Recommended Practices
GPS Aviation Use Approved for Over a Decade
Aircraft Based Augmentation Systems (ABAS) – (e.g. RAIM)
Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) since 2003
Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) augmenting GPS
Development of GNSS Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS) Continues
Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
GNSS is Cornerstone for National Airspace System

3. GPS (ABAS) Aviation Receivers
Over 16,000 * Commercial Air Carrier Instrument Flight Rated (IFR) GPS Receivers Sold (as of 2003)
Additional 70,000 – 80,000 * General Aviation IFR GPS receivers sold
* U.S. manufacturer sales only (does not include units limited to visual situational awareness)

5. GPS Aviation Ops Approvals
42 Nations 42 2

6. Space Based Augmentation System (e.g. WAAS)
Enhanced Navigation for All Phases of Flight
Enroute, Arrival, and Departure: Provides Navigation Services to Users Not Currently Served by Land Based Navigation Aids
Increases Availability of GNSS
Vertically Guided Aircraft Approach:
Enhances Safety by Providing Vertical Guidance
No Ground Hardware Required at Airport
Allows Instrument Operations to All Capable Airports
Supports Every Runway in Coverage Area
Provides Safety of Life Integrity Services today
Use Expanding Globally
SBAS Can Augment Multiple Satellite Navigation System Constellations
Objective: Full GLS Capability
Upgrade to GNSS Landing System Capability (GLS) Eliminates Loss Of Vertical Guidance Caused By Ionospheric Storms; Supports 200’ Decision Height
- For U.S., GLS Requires Availability of L5
Hardware:
Upgrade of Reference Station Receivers to Receive L5
FAA Ground Upgrade Complete 2013
Software:
Broadcast of WAAS Message on L5 (starting late 2006)

7. SBAS (WAAS) Architecture
WAAS Commissioned 10 July, 2003
- Adding 13 additional reference stations
- Acquiring two new GEO satellite communications links – launched September 9th and October 13th
- Preliminary acceptance testing for both satellites complete by April 2006
- Expect operations by first quarter FY 07
Greater availability of approach with vertical guidance performance with Incremental System improvements (Approach Procedure Development ~ 300/yr)
USA, Canada, and Mexico Cooperating on GNSS Implementation
- Canada and Mexico Hosting Additional WAAS Reference Stations (5 Mexico & 4 Canada - Operational in 2006 and 2007 respectively)
- Continuing International Harmonization Activities Support User Interoperability with other SBAS implementations

8. SBAS Avionics Currently Available
Garmin GNS-480/CNX-80 ~ 4000 units sold
In Development
Garmin 430/530 Upgrade – Available Fall 2006
50,000 units sold and eligible for upgrade
Free Flight – Available 2006
Panel Mount Receiver and LPV capable sensor
Avidyne, Chelton, CMC, Universal, Thales, and Honeywell expect to have units available 2006/2007
Development of Rockwell Collins Unit
Supports high end users, available Nov 2006
WAAS Upgrade for Challenger 604 (FAA flight inspection aircraft) available June 2007
Additionally, Most GPS Receivers currently manufactured for sale in U.S. include WAAS (SBAS) capability

9. Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS)
U.S. Approach to ICAO Strategy for Interoperable GBAS is Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS)
Provides Navigation Signal to Support Most Demanding Approach Requirements
One LAAS Ground Station Can Cover Entire Airport to Provide Precision Guidance
Approach and Departure Procedures to All Runway Ends
Surface Movement (Taxi operations)

10. GBAS (LAAS) Architecture

11. GBAS International Cooperation
International Service Providers Need Precision Approach capability (200 to zero foot Decision Height)
FAA, Airservices Australia, AENA/Spain, and DFS/Germany Have Ongoing Contract Activities
International GBAS Working Group established
With European Service Providers, EUROCONTROL and Industry
Boeing & Airbus Joined in Support of GBAS
Boeing B-737NG Certified With GBAS Avionics
Airbus A-380 to be Certified
International GBAS Development Activities
Airservices Australia Interested in cooperation with FAA to Leverage U.S. GBAS Technology Investments to provide initial ops capability
Germany and Spain Interested in use of resulting product
Development of “Provably” Safe Prototype by End of 2006 In-Progress
Implementing Existing “Beta-LAAS” Software
Developing New “Provably Safe” Integrity Algorithms
Upgrades to GPS Reference Receivers and Antennas
Develop Preliminary System Safety Assessment Report

12. Performance-Based Navigation
Increased Flight Efficiencies
Increased Schedule Predictability
Environmentally Beneficial Procedures
Benefits:
Enhanced Safety
Increased Capacity
Reduced Delays
Efficient, Flexible Routing
Vector
Vector - -
Free
Free
Streamlined
Streamlined
Arrivals
Arrivals
Departures
Departures
All
All - -
Weather
Weather
Approaches
Approaches
What Is “Performance-Based” Navigation?
End-to-end System of Concepts and Applications Based on Performance Standards without dependence upon Specific Technologies or Equipment
Recognizes Aircraft Capability to Operate Safely and Efficiently Using On-Board Aircraft Based Systems In Conjunction with External Signals Provided by Ground Based, Space Based systems
Objective: Fully Utilize Capabilities of All Aircraft Nav Equipment
FAA Committed to “Performance Based National Airspace System”
Cannot Afford to Sustain All Existing Navigation Services
Performance based services provides capabilities in most cost-effective manner
Implementation of GNSS Core Enabling Technology
Future Navigation Services are aligned with Performance Based Strategy

13. Summary
GPS: Robust and Operating above Standards; Modernized System will Meet Aviation Needs
SBAS: WAAS Commissioned for Instrument Use and Incrementally Adding Capability
Supports Performance Based Airspace Capability
Benefits All Classes of Aviation Users
Enhances Navigation for All Phases of Flight
Receivers Available Today, More Coming Next 3 Years
GBAS (LAAS)
Continuing to investigate Technical Approach
Performance Based Navigation
U.S. Committed to Performance Based Systems Transitions Leveraging Aircraft and Aviation Infrastructure Investments

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