1. 7
The Muscular System

2. Checkpoint (7-1)
Identify the five primary functions of skeletal muscle.
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3. Checkpoint (7-2)
Describe the connective tissue layers associated with a skeletal muscle.
How would severing the tendon attached to a muscle affect the muscle's ability to move a body part?
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4. Checkpoint (7-3) Describe the basic structure of a sarcomere.
Why do skeletal muscle fibers appear striated when viewed through a light microscope?
Where would you expect the greatest concentration of calcium ions to be in a resting skeletal muscle fiber?
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5. Checkpoint (7-4) Describe the neuromuscular junction.
How would a drug that blocks acetylcholine release affect muscle contraction?
What would you expect to happen to a resting skeletal muscle if the sarcolemma suddenly became very permeable to calcium ions?
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6. Checkpoint (7-5)
What factors are responsible for the amount of tension a skeletal muscle develops?
A motor unit from a skeletal muscle contains 1500 muscle fibers. Would this muscle be involved in fine, delicate movements or in powerful, gross movements? Explain.
Can a skeletal muscle contract without shortening? Explain.
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7. Checkpoint (7-6) How do muscle cells continuously synthesize ATP?
What is muscle fatigue?
Define oxygen debt.
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8. Checkpoint (7-7)
Why would a sprinter experience muscle fatigue before a marathon runner would?
Which activity would be more likely to create an oxygen debt in an individual who regularly exercises: swimming laps or lifting weights?
Which type of muscle fibers would you expect to predominate in the large leg muscles of someone who excels at endurance activities such as cycling or long-distance running?
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9. Checkpoint (7-8)
How do intercalated discs enhance the functioning of cardiac muscle tissue?
Extracellular calcium ions are important for the contraction of what type(s) of muscle tissue?
Why can smooth muscle contract over a wider range of resting lengths than skeletal muscle?
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10. Checkpoint (7-9)
Identify the kinds of descriptive information used to name skeletal muscles.
Which muscle is the antagonist of the biceps brachii?
What does the name flexor carpi radialis longus tell you about this muscle?
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11. Checkpoint (7-10)
If you were contracting and relaxing your masseter muscle, what would you probably be doing?
Which facial muscle would you expect to be well developed in a trumpet player?
Damage to the external intercostal muscles would interfere with what important process?
If someone were to hit you in your rectus abdominis, how would your body position change?
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12. Checkpoint (7-11)
You often hear of athletes suffering a "pulled hamstring." To what does this phrase refer?
How would you expect a torn calcaneal tendon to affect movement of the foot?
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13. Checkpoint (7-12)
Describe general age-related effects on skeletal muscle tissue.
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14. Checkpoint (7-13)
What major function does the muscular system perform for the body as a whole?
Identify the physiological effects of exercise on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and integumentary systems, and indicate the relationship between these physiological effects and the nervous and endocrine systems.
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