1. International Cooperation in High Energy Physics
Barry Barish
Caltech
30-Oct-06

2. International Collaboration a brief history
The Beginning of Modern Particle Physics
The Discovery of the p Meson (1947) by Cecil Powell of the University of Bristol, using photographic emulsions at sites located at high altitude mountains (first at Pic du Midi de Bigorre in the Pyrenees and later at Chacaltaya in the Andes
This led to an international collaboration searching for cosmic ray interactions using an American balloon and British emulsions.
30-Oct-06
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3. International Collaboration a brief history
Then Began the Era of Large Particle Accelerators
Required significant resources
I.I. Rabi in recognized and stated, “the urgency of creating regional centres and laboratories in order to increase and make fruitful the international collaboration of scientists in fields where the effort of any one country is insufficient for the task.”
This soon led to accelerator projects at BNL (1947) and the setting up of CERN in Geneva in 1952
CERN
Synchro-
Cyclotron
600 MeV
1957
30-Oct-06
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4. International Collaboration a brief history
Big Bubble Chambers (1960s)
Large (often international) teams formed to analyze millions of pictures
30-Oct-06
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5. International Collaboration a brief history
Big Bubble Chambers (1960s)
Large (often international) teams formed to analyze millions of pictures
This led to the discovery of the large number of “so-called” elementary particles
SU(3) and the Quark Model made sense of this jungle of particles
Discovery of
Omego-minus
30-Oct-06
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6. International Collaboration a brief history
Scintillators, Spark Chambers and Triggered Experiments (the alternate approach)
Discoveries - antiprotons; CP violation; two neutrinos; etc
30-Oct-06
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7. International Collaboration a brief history
Then the November Revolution (1974)
The unexpected discovery of the J/Y
Proton Collisions
Big Electronic Detector
Electron Positron
Big Collider Detector
30-Oct-06
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8. International Collaboration a brief history
The Beginning of the Era of the Collider
Large Magnetic Detectors and Large International Collaborations
The Standard Model confirmed in detail at LEP
ALEPH physicists from 32 institutes in 10 countries.
30-Oct-06
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9. International Collaboration a brief history
Large non-Accelerator Detectors
Neutrino Oscillations
SNO Detector
SuperKamiokande
KamLAND
30-Oct-06
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10. International Collaboration a brief history
B factories
Belle and BaBar
CP Violation in B Physics
30-Oct-06
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11. International Collaboration a brief history
Emergence of Particle Astrophysics
Highest Energy Cosmic Rays
The Interface of Particle Physics and High Energy Cosmic Ray Physics
30-Oct-06
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12. International Collaboration a brief history
Emergence of Particle Astrophysics
TeV Gamma Ray Astronomy
The Interface of Particle Physics and Astrophysics
30-Oct-06
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13. Pacific Region
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14. Pacific Region human resources
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15. Pacific Region growing economic power
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16. Pacific Region growing economic power
30-Oct-06
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17. U.S. West Coast The Role of the Pacific Region
The B-factories
SLAC
LBNL and the West Coast Universities – Univ of California; Caltech; Stanford; Oregon etc.
30-Oct-06
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18. U.S. – Univ of Hawaii The Role of the Pacific Region
Belle
SuperK
Hawaii
BES
Anita
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19. U.S. – Univ of Hawaii The Role of the Pacific Region
KamLAND …
reaches the earth’s center
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20. JAPAN The Role of the Pacific Region
Superkamiokande
KamLAND
KEK
Belle (CP; B Physics)
30-Oct-06
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21. Emerging Asia The Role of the Pacific Region
China
India
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22. Emerging Asia The Role of the Pacific Region
Korea
Long Baseline Neutrinos
30-Oct-06
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23. International Collaboration how did we get here?
Theorists have collaborated worldwide, scientist to scientist with few barriers
Experimentalists also developed scientist to scientist collaborations internationally, but facilities and resources and involved.
International Union for Physics and Applied Physics (IUPAP) created the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA) in 1976
ICFA sponsored a resolution which was supported by all the existing laboratories (and by implication, the sponsoring agencies) to the effect that criteria for acceptance of proposals on high energy accelerator facilities should be based only on scientific merit and ability of the proposers to carry out the research.
30-Oct-06
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24. International Collaboration what’s the future?
ICFA has continued for 30 years to lead in the development of the field and the use of facilities
Accelerator R&D
New Accelerator Projects
Computer networking
Large Collaborations
Recent statements and actions toward the International Linear Collider have been crucial
CERN is our closest approximation of an international laboratory -- LHC is the next big facility in the field, involving CERN member states and many others.
30-Oct-06
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25. CERN – Geneva Switzerland
Accelerators and the Energy Frontier
Large Hadron Collider
CERN – Geneva Switzerland
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26. Electron Positron Colliders The Energy Frontier
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27. International Technology Review Panel
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28. The ITRP Recommendation
We recommend that the linear collider be based on superconducting rf technology
This recommendation is made with the understanding that we are recommending a technology, not a design. We expect the final design to be developed by a team drawn from the combined warm and cold linear collider communities, taking full advantage of the experience and expertise of both (from the Executive Summary).
30-Oct-06
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29. SCRF Technology Recommendation
The recommendation of ITRP was presented to ILCSC & ICFA on August 19, 2004 in a joint meeting in Beijing.
ICFA unanimously endorsed the ITRP’s recommendation on August 20, 2004
30-Oct-06
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30. Global Effort on Design / R&D for ILCEU US
Asia
2003年 7月
Joint Design, Implementation, Operations, Management
Host Country Provides Conventional Facilities
30-Oct-06
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31. International Collaboration conclusions
International Collaboration in High Energy Physics is more important than ever.
The Pacific Region is capable of playing a major and increasing role in the future.
The Mission of Particle Physics is expanding, to embrace much of the forward looking science spearheaded in the Pacific Region over the past decade
Asia will be full partners and perhaps hosts of the next great particle accelerator – the ILC
30-Oct-06
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