1. Rocks

2. IGNEOUS ROCKS SEDIMENTARY ROCKS METAMORPHIC ROCKS
A ROCK IS A GROUP OF MINERALS BOUND TOGETHER IN SOME WAY.
ROCKS ARE DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS BASED ON HOW THE ROCKS FORMED
IGNEOUS ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
METAMORPHIC ROCKS

3. Igneous rocks
IGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FORMED BY THE COOLING AND HARDENING OF MOLTEN ROCKS.
INTRUSIVE (PLUTONIC) - FORM BELOW THE EARTH’S SURFACE
EXTRUSIVE (VOLCANIC) – FORM ABOVE THE EARTH’S SURFACE

4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
THERE ARE TWO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS USED IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ROCK NAME.
TEXTURE REFERS TO THE SIZE OF THE CRYSTALS IN AN IGNEOUS ROCK
**THE LARGER THE CRYSTAL SIZE THE DEEPER WITHIN THE EARTH THE ROCK FORMED

5. COLOR REFERS TO THE MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE ROCK.
IT IS IDENTIFIED BY USING THE GENERAL SHADE OF THE ROCK.

6. IF THERE ARE MORE LIGHT MINERALS THAN IT IS LIGHT
- IF THERE ARE MORE DARK MINERALS THAN IT IS DARK
- IF THERE IS THE SAME AMOUNT OF DARK MINERALS AS LIGHT THAN IT IS MEDIUM

7. Intrusive (plutonic) Igneous Rocks
MAGMA IS MOLTEN ROCK UNDERNEATH THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS COOL SLOWLY DEEP WITHIN THE EARTH AND PRODUCES LARGE CRYSTALS

8. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS WILL RESULT IN A VERY COARSE (PEGMATITE) OR COARSE (PHANERITIC) TEXTURE (EX. GRANITE)
PEGMATITE
GRANITE

9. Extrusive (volcanic) igneous rocks
LAVA IS MOLTEN ROCK THAT POURS OUT ONTO THE EARTH’S SURFACE.
EXTRUSIVE ROCKS LACK DISTINCT MINERAL GRAINS DUE TO RAPID COOLING OF LAVA AT OR NEAR THE EARTH’S SURFACE
EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS WILL RESULT IN FINE (APHANITIC) TEXTURE (EX. BASALT)

10. IF THE COOLING IS INSTANTANEOUS A GLASSY TEXTURE MAY FORM (EX
IF THE COOLING IS INSTANTANEOUS A GLASSY TEXTURE MAY FORM (EX. OBSIDIAN)
IF GAS BUBBLES ARE TRAPPED AS THE LAVA RAPIDLY COOLS A VESICULAR TEXTURE MAY OCCUR (PUMICE)

11. PORPHYRITIC ROCKS - CONTAINS TWO STAGES OF COOLING
- COOLS FIRST AT GREAT DEPTH FORMING LARGE CRYSTALS STILL SURROUNDED BY MAGMA
- IT IS THEN RUSHED TO THE SURFACE AND THE REMAINING LIQUID AROUND IT COOLS QUICKLY FORMING FINE-GRAINED CRYSTALS

12. Common Igneous Rocks
GRANITE- QUARTZ, ORTHOCLASE FELDSPAR, AND AT LEAST ONE OTHER MINERAL; LIGHT-COLORED; COARSE-GRAINED; MAKES UP CONTINENTS; FELSIC
RYOLITE- FINE-GRAINED GRANITE; FELSIC
OBSIDIAN- VOLCANIC GLASS; RAPID COOLING; PYROCLASTIC; FELSIC
PUMICE- SPONGE-LIKE BECAUSE OF ESCAPING AIR BUBBLES DURING COOLING; FELSIC

13. BASALT- FINE-GRAINED; DARK-COLORED; MAKES UP THE OCEAN FLOOR; MAFIC
GABBRO- COARSE-GRAINED BASALT; MAFIC
DIABASE- GRAIN SIZE INBETWEEN BASALT AND GABBRO; MAFIC
BASALT GLASS- MAFIC OBSIDIAN
SCORIA- MAFIC PUMICE