1. Isyaku U. Yarube, Joseph O. Ayo, Rabiu A. Magaji, Isma’il A. Umar
Insulin-induced oxidative stress in the brain is nitric oxide-dependent 
Isyaku U. Yarube, Joseph O. Ayo, Rabiu A. Magaji, Isma’il A. Umar 
Pathophysiology 
DOI: /j.pathophys
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2. Fig. 1
Nitric oxide level in brain homogenates of control and treated mice. (Mean ± S.E.M, n = 5) *Significantly higher (P <  0.05) than in the other groups.
Pathophysiology DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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3. Fig. 2
Malondialdehyde level in brain homogenates of control and treated mice. (Mean ± S.E.M, n = 5) *Significantly higher (P <  0.05) than in the other groups.
Pathophysiology DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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4. Fig. 3
Glutathione peroxidase activity in brain homogenates of control and treated mice. (Mean ± S.E.M, n = 5) *Significantly lower (P <  0.05) than in the other groups.
Pathophysiology DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
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5. Fig. 4
Mechanism through which insulin increases oxidative stress in the brain.
Note that the ability of insulin to induce oxidative stress is NO-dependent (blocked by NOS inhibitors) (dashed arrow) as demonstrated in this study. NO (nitric oxide), MDA (malonedialdehyde), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), NO (nitrite radical), ONOO− (peroxinitrite), O2 (superoxide), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), ↑ and ↓ (increase and decrease in NO, MDA and GPx, respectively).
Pathophysiology DOI: ( /j.pathophys )
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions