1. Acids and Bases

2. Acids They register as a 0-6 on the pH scale
They’re usually gases or liquids
Most are soluble and are use in aqueous solution
Produce H+ ions when dissolved in water
They are a proton donors
*Soluble –ability to be dissolves in a solution
*Aqueous- water

3. Bases They register as 8-14 on the pH scale
They produce Hydroxide (OH-) ions when dissolved in an aqueous solution.
They are proton acceptors
Bases are also called Alkaline because many Alkali metals react with water to form bases (Ex: Na )

4. Neutral
7 is neutral on the pH scale

5. Neutralization Reaction
When an acid and a base react they neutralize
Neutralization reaction results in forming water and salt
Acid + Base Water + Salt
HCL + KOH H20 + KCL (a salt)

6. Equivalence Point
Equivalence Point is when all of an acid reacts with a base it’s called an equivalence point

7. Titration
Titration is the process of determining the molarity of an acid or based by using a neutralization reaction

8. EX: pH paper, phenolphthalein, and cabbage juice
Indicator
An indicator is a substance that is one color in an acid and another in a base
EX: pH paper, phenolphthalein, and cabbage juice

9. pH Scale The pH scale is only possible for aqueous solutions
It measure the acidity or basicity on an aqueous solution
0-6 are acids
7 is neutral
8-14 are bases (alkaline)
The pH scale is a logarithm, each number is multiplied by 10.
For instance, an solution that has a pH of 1 is ten times more acidic than a pH of 2.

10. How does this relate to your life?
Antacids
Lactic acid
Acid Rain

11. Antacids Your stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCL)
HCL has a pH of 1
You have a mucous layer in your stomach that protects it from this acid

12. Sometimes you might eat something and feel a burn in your stomach or up into your esophagus- often referred to as heartburn
This feeling is from the acid in your stomach coming up into your esophagus.
You take an antacid to neutralize your stomach acid
Some antacids have Mg(OH)2 (milk of Magnesium) and that neutralizes your HCL, by producing water and salts

13. Lactic Acid Lactic acid is made during anaerobic respiration
This happens when you put a demand on your muscle that aerobic respiration cannot keep up with
Lactic acid is a byproduct and causes muscle soreness and fatigue

14. Acid Rain
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the atmosphere and transported by wind and air currents.
 The SO2 and NOX react with water, oxygen and other chemicals to form sulfuric and nitric acids.  
These then mix with water and other materials before falling to the ground.

15. Why is this bad?
When acid rain falls it changes the pH of bodies of water
A change in pH can kill an entire pond, lake, or stream
The change in pH water can also causes aluminum to be leached into the soil, further damaging the ecosystem