1. History of Photography

2. Camera Obscura Latin for “dark room”
Original camera obscuras were made from completely dark rooms, even small buildings. First portable camera obscuras developed in the 1660’s.

3. Camera Obscura Free standing camera obscura building, UNC Campus
The Camera Obscura was made portable in the 1660’s

4. Early Prints
1725 – Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered silver chloride and silver nitrate darken in the presence of light but if the mixture was disturbed, the images would disintegrate.
1777 – Carl Wilhelm Scheele, inspired by Schulze’s discoveries, found that ammonia would dissolve the silver chloride, leaving the image permanently intact.
From these two discoveries, the basic chemistry of photography was developed – exposing silver chloride to produce an image and “fixing” it with ammonia.
Schulze – German anatomy professor. Scheele – Swedish chemist

5. First Permanent Camera Image, 1827
Early 1800’s
Joseph Nicephore Niepce – emulsion (light sensitive varnish) technique

6. Photography Goes Public
Frederick Scott Archer introduced the collodian wet-plate process which made printing high quality images in multiple copies available to the public.
Cameras were set up in studios and loaded onto carts to photograph portraits, landscapes and battles. Tourists collected inexpensive prints of local attractions called cartes-de-vicite, by the thousands.
The stereoscopic camera (which produced a 3D effect by combining two images) was introduced in By 1860, no parlor was considered complete without a stereo viewer and a stack of slides to entertain guests.
Photography books produced in 1850s.

7. Products of Photography
Photographs became a quick means of visual proof or documentation of events – documentary photography.
At the start of the Civil War, a successful portrait photographer, Mathew Brady, asked President Lincoln for permission to carry his camera onto the battlefields. His photographs of the war provided for the first time a visual documentation of the horrors of war.

8. Mathew Brady

9. Mathew Brady

10. Products of Photography
Lewis Hine, Powerhouse Mechanic
During the mid-1800s, photography books were being published documenting the harsh conditions of life in the streets, factories, mines and slums of England and the United States.
Lewis Hine, a sociologist, produced powerful photographs of many of these conditions.
Lewis Hine, Powerhouse Mechanic

11. Lewis Hine, Doffer Girl in New England, 1910

12. “You press the button; we do the rest.”
George Eastman introduced the first Kodak camera in It was pre-loaded with enough film to take 100 photographs.
The first mass-marketed Kodak camera was introduced in 1900, known as the Brownie.
After the 100 exposures were used, the entire camera was sent to Rochester, NY were the film was printed, re-loaded with a new 100 exposures, and returned to the customer. Kodak made photography available to everyday people; not just trained photographers.

13. Photography Advancements Timeline
1902 – Alfred Steiglitz began to publish Camera Work, the first magazine dedicated to artistic approaches to photography.
1937 – The SLR (single lens reflex) camera was introduced to the U.S. by Exacta.
1938 – Automatic exposure initiated by Kodak with its 6-20 camera.
1939 – Electronic flash developed by Harold Edgerton.
1947 – First Polaroid camera developed by Edwin Land.

14. Photography Advancements Continued
1954 – First high-speed film, Tri-X, comes onto market.
1959 – Development of the first zoom lens, Zoomar
1966 – Konica introduces first professional quality automatic exposure camera.
1972 – Polaroid adds color to its instant camera.
1985 – Minolta introduces the first professional quality automatic focus camera, the Maxxum.

15. Photography Advancements Continued
1987 – Canon debuts first “Commercial Still Video” system.
1990 – Photoshop licensed to Adobe.
1991 – Kodak launches Photo CD system and digital camera.

16. Photography Advancements Continued
1994- Olympus introduces the Deltis VC-1100, the world’s first digital camera capable of uploading photos using a modem to another camera or computer- for only $4000!
1995- Ricoh releases the RDC-1 the first digital camera that could also take movies with sound (all 10 seconds worth!) LCD’s and image stabilization technology was also invented

17. Photography Advancements Continued
1998: Sony used Info Lithium batteries (to know how much battery life you had)
1999: Nikon released the Nikon D1 which was the first DSLR (digital single lens reflex camera)
2000: higher megapixels (5- wow!) and fully automatic DSLR cameras
2001: Sony “Night Shot”- ability to shoot at night without a flash

18. Photography Advancements Continued
2006- Nikon discontinued most of its film cameras and its large format lenses to focus on digital models.
2010- Sony introduces the NEX-VG10 icon the first consumer camcorder
2010- Instagram created by Mike Systrom & Mike Krieger
2010- German Andreas Gursky sold most expensive photograph 3.8 million Euros!

19. Photography Advancements Continued
2012- Eastman Kodak company goes bankrupt 
2012- Facebook bought Instragram
2012- Photographs from the Mars Rover
2014- MIT begins teaching Photography courses
2014- Australian Peter Ilk sells a photo for $6.5million