1. CRIMES Medieval 1250-1500 High rates of homicide Petty theft Vagrancy
Scolding
Treason
Heresy
Industrial
Changes:
Fare-dodging
Failing to send children to school
Continuities:
Petty theft
Low rates of homicide
1250
1500
1750
1900
2018
1250
2018
Modern 1900 onwards:
Changes:
Car crime
Football hooliganism
Drug crime
Race, religion and hate crime
Cyber crime
Continuities;
Homicide
Petty theft
Early modern
Changes:
Moral crimes (inc. scolding)
Witchcraft
Smuggling
Highway robbery
Continuities:
Petty theft
Homicide
Vagrancy

2. PUNISHMENTS 1250 1500 1750 1900 2018 1250 2018 Early modern 1500-1750
Medieval
Whipping
Branding
Fines
Cucking stool
Stocks
Pillory
Imprisonment
Hanging
Hanging, drawing and quartering
Burned alive
Industrial
Changes:
New drop
Long drop
Transportation
Public executions made illegal
Continuities:
Hanging
Whipping Imprisonment
1250
1500
1750
1900
2018
1250
2018
Early modern
Changes:
Ducking stool
Scold’s Bridle
Public penance
Bridewell
Bloody Code
Continuities:
Fines
Whipping and Branding
Cucking stool
Stocks and Pillory
Imprisonment
Hanging
Hanging, drawing and quartering
Modern 1900 onwards:
Changes:
Corporal punishment abolished
Capital punishment abolished
Borstals
Probation service
Parole system
Electronic tags
Community Service Order
Continuities;
Imprisonment

3. LAW ENFORCEMENT/POLICING
Medieval
Sheriff
Constable
Hue and cry
Watchmen
JPs
Tithings
Industrial
Changes:
Bow Street Runners
Metropolitan Police (London)
Police
Detectives
Continuities:
Constables
Watchmen
1250
1500
1750
1900
2018
1250
2018
Early modern
Changes:
Watchmen (more employed)
JPs extended role
Continuities:
Constables
Hue and Cry
Sheriff (less important)
Tithings
Modern 1900 onwards:
Changes:
Neighbourhood Watch
PCSO
Continuities;
Police
Detectives