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QUICKWRITE What is philosophy? What is your philosophy on life?
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The Greek Philosophers
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Philosophy What is philosophy? What is a philosopher?
Organized system of thought What is a philosopher? Men devoted to thinking about the universe and the laws of nature Important Greek Philosophers Socrates Plato Aristotle
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Socrates DATES: 469 BCE-399 BCE FROM: Athens
VIEWS ON GOVERNMENT: critical of democracy “Socratic Method” Teaching method Question and answer format Questioning leads to knowledge
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Socrates PHILOSOPHY REGARDING PEOPLE: People were naturally good, capable of learning/ruling themselves
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Plato DATES: 429- 347 BCE TEACHER: Student of Socrates FROM: Athens
VIEWS ON GOVERNMENT: Wrote “The Republic” Ideal government
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Plato: VIEWS ON GOV’T (cont’d)
Stated that democracy was not the ideal government Believed “Philosopher Kings” should rule Why? They are wise and will make decisions for the good of the people Philosophy Regarding People: mistrusts the masses (people), incapable of ruling themselves.
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Aristotle DATES: 384-322 BCE TEACHER: Student of Plato FROM: Athens
Wrote the book “Politics” Studied governments Asked “who should rule?” Influenced founders of the U.S.
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Aristotle: VIEWS ON GOVERNMENT
3 good forms of government Monarchy: rule by a king Aristocracy: rule by the rich Democracy: rule by the many
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Aristotle: VIEWS ON GOV’T (cont’d)
Ideal government was a monarchy led by a single virtuous ruler But this easily leads to the abuse of power In reality- rule by the many would suit most societies PHILOSOPHY REGARDING PEOPLE: educated were best
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Aristotle studied at Plato’s Academy.
Aristotle studied geology, physics, astronomy, biology, ethics, politics, rhetoric, logic, and literary criticism Aristotle left Athens because his life was threatened.
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