1. GRADING RUBRIC: PEPPERED MOTH LAB

2. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
Why are these moths called "peppered moths?”
Their light colored wings are “peppered” with dark spots
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3. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
2. What animals eat the peppered moth?
Birds including the Flycatcher, Nuthatches, and European Robin
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4. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
3. What is a lichen?
A small fungi that grows on the bark of the trees. It looks very similar in color to the wings of the Peppered Moths.
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5. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
4. What do the larvae of the moth eat?
They feed on the leaves of trees including: Birch, Willow and Oak.
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6. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
5. How do peppered moths spend the winter?
The Peppered Moth larvae change into a pupae (cocoons) for the winter.
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7. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
6. Moths that have more dark spots than the average moth are called what?
Insularia
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8. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution
7. Where was the first black form of the moth found?
Manchester, England (1848)
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9. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution
8. What was the Industrial Revolution?
Factories were being built and they were powered by coal. The result was dark smoke that covered the surrounding countryside
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10. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution
9. What was causing the different colors in the moths?
The dark color was caused by a mutation in a single moth and the mutated gene was passed on to its offspring.
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11. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution
10. What is natural selection?
Nature (the environment) rewards traits that are beneficial to the survival of a species. Over time, the species changes
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12. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution
11. Who suggested that peppered moths were an example of natural selection?
J. W. Tutt (1896)
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13. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Impact of Pollution
12. What is industrial melanism?
Species that darken over time due to pollution (coal smoke and soot)
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14. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
13. What is an entomologist?
A scientist that studies insects
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15. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
14. How do scientists test theories?
Scientists test theories by making predictions based on the theory. They then test the prediction to see if what they observe matches their expectations
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16. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
15. Write down ONE of Kettlewell's predictions.
Heavily polluted forests will have mostly dark peppered moths.
Clean forests will have mostly light peppered moths
Dark moths resting on dark trees are more likely than light moths to be eaten by birds. The reverese should be true on light trees
Dark moths released into polluted forests would live longer than light moths, but die sooner in clean forests
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17. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
16. Dark moths were found in what parts of the country?
Found near industrial cities producing pollution
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18. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
17. How did Kettlewell directly study the moths?
He placed light and dark moths onto a tree and observed them. He recorded times the birds found the moths
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19. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
18. Why did dark moths have a survival advantage?
Better camouflaged
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20. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
19. When Kettlewell recaptured the marked moths, what did he find?
He found dark moths survived at a higher rate in polluted forests, and light colored moths survived at a greater rate in clean forests
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21. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Kettlewell's Experiments
20. Where did Kettlewell publish his findings?
Scientific American magazine (1959)
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22. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Birdseye View
21. Open the simulation and play the role of the bird in both the dark and the light forest. Try to behave as a bird would behave, choosing the moths that are the most obvious. At the end of each simulation, record the percent of moths captured in the table below.
20%
80%
65%
35%
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23. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Final Analysis
22. Explain how the color of the moths increases or decreases their chances of survival.
It allows them to blend into background (camouflage)
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24. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Final Analysis
23. Explain the concept of "natural selection" using your moths as an example.
Traits that are beneficial to the survival of a species are rewarded. They survive and pass on their genes to their offspring. Dark moths survived at a higher rate in polluted forests and their numbers increased over time. .
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25. Data and Analysis 2 POINTS Final Analysis
24. What would happen if there were no predators in the forest? Would the colors of the moths change over time? Defend your answer?
Probably not. There would be no advantage to hide from predators so their color wouldn’t increase or decrease their chances of survival. Their color should not change that dramatically
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26. Write the number they got out of 48 at top of front page i.e. 45/48
Total Points = 48
Write the number they got out of 48 at top of front page i.e. 45/48