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Figure Imaging, histology/immunohistochemistry, and schematic course of treatment with corresponding clinical and radiologic disease activity Imaging,

Published byAlfonso Cappelletti Modified over 5 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Figure Imaging, histology/immunohistochemistry, and schematic course of treatment with corresponding clinical and radiologic disease activity Imaging,"— Presentation transcript:

1 Figure Imaging, histology/immunohistochemistry, and schematic course of treatment with corresponding clinical and radiologic disease activity Imaging, histology/immunohistochemistry, and schematic course of treatment with corresponding clinical and radiologic disease activity (A–E) Initial MRI 3/2007 showing typical “salt-and-pepper” like appearance of the pons and cervical myelon in gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (A) and fluid-attenuated inverse recovery (FLAIR)-weighted (B) sagittal sections as well as in gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (C) and T2-weighted (D) axial sections. Axial T2-weighted section does not show significant supratentorial involvement at the onset of the disease (E). (F–H) MRI 2/2008, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted (F) and T2-weighted (G) sections in the course of the disease. Axial T2-weighted section shows emerging supratentorial lesion burden in the course of the disease (H). (I–N): Histology and immunohistochemistry of the right temporal brain biopsy, 20x magnification. The HE stain shows a perivascular/vascular inflammatory infiltrate (I), consisting of numerous T cells. Also, a parenchymal T-cell infiltrate is evident (CD3 stains, J, K). The minority of T cells are CD8-positive (CD8 stains, L, M), suggesting a CD4 predominance. Single cells stain for the marker Granzyme B (N) indicating cytotoxic T cells or natural killer cells. (O): Schematic course of treatment and disease activity. Infusions/injections: arrowheads: cyclophosphamide IV; hand symbols: infliximab IV; saw tooth pattern: etanercept SC; large arrows: tocilizumab IV; small arrows: tocilizumab SC. Oral medications are indicated in square boxes, MMF = Mycophenolate mophetil; AZA = azathioprine. Steroids: Arrows indicate methylprednisolone IV 3-5× 1000 mg. Triangles next to the arrows indicate oral tapering regimes. Double arrowheads indicate intrathecal crystalloid steroid injections. PLEX: Plasma exchange. MRI disease activity is indicated qualitatively as active (upper MRI symbols) or stable disease (lower MRI symbols). Clinical disease progression is displayed as Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in the lower section of the graph. * and + symbols indicate the point of time of the 2 MRI scans demonstrated in A-H. Torge Rempe et al. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2019;6:e545 Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.

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