1. Evidence of Evolution
Main Idea: Multiple lines of evidence support the theory of evolution

2. Five Main Types of Evidence
Fossil Record
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Comparative Biochemistry
Biogeography

3. Fossil Record Fossils are evolutionary evidence
Fossils show that ancient species share similarities with species that now live on Earth.
Fossils records provide evidence that living things have changed over time.
Glyptodont
Armadillo

4. Traits
Derived traits
newly evolved features, such as feathers, that do not appear in the fossils of common ancestors.
Ancestral traits
primitive features, such as teeth and tails, that do appear in ancestral forms.

5. Comparative Anatomy Homologous structures Analogous structures
Vestigial structures

6. Homologous structures
Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor
These structures are similar in arrangement but different in function.

8. Analogous Structures
Structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function.
Shows that functionally similar features can evolve independently of each other
Ex: wing of an insect and wing of bird

9. Analogous Structures

10. Vestigial Structures
A body structure that has no function in a present-day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor.
This shows a change over time

11. Comparative Embryology
Embryo: the earliest stage of growth and development of both plants and animals
Vertebrate embryos exhibit homologous structures during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the adult forms.

12. Comparing Embryos
Similar embryo development may suggest a common ancestor

13. Comparative Biochemistry
Common ancestry can be seen in the complex metabolic molecules that many different organisms share.
Comparison of the DNA or RNA of different species produce biochemical evidence for evolution

14. Biochemical Evidence
Comparisons of the similarities in amino acids and other molecules across species reflect evolutionary patterns seen in comparative anatomy and in the fossil record.

15. Geographical Distribution
Similar animals are found in different locations around the world.
Animals ended up evolving similar features for their environment because of their location on earth
They look the same but live in different areas

16. Types of Adaptations
Camouflage
Mimicry
Antimicrobial resistance

17. Camouflage
Some organisms have evolved morphological adaptations to blend in with their environments
Invisible to predators = better chance of survival and reproduction

18. Mimicry
Adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species
Usually a harmless species resembles a harmful one
Resembling harmful species = better chance of survival and reproduction

19. Antimicrobial Resistance
Species of bacteria originally killed by antibiotics like penicillin have developed resistance
MRSA
Scary Example: