1. Ch 14 Sec. 2 Empire Building in Africa
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2. Africa
Great Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Portugal will place virtually all of Africa under European rule.
They begin setting up colonies and markets for goods.
(Rubber, gold, tin, oil, palm oil, lumber, coal)
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4. West Africa
Europeans did not hesitate to deceive Africans in order to get their land and natural resources.
West Africa was particularly affected by the slave trade but by the 1890s slavery was abolished in all the major countries of the world.
In 1874 Great Britain annexed (incorporated a country within a state) the west coastal states as the 1st British colony of Gold Coast.
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5. Advances help Europeans grab land in Africa
-Steamships can travel up rivers and to the interior of Africa
Discovery of quinine helps defeat malaria
Advances in weapons allow few Europeans to control an area
Telegraph and Railroads allows for better spread of information and goods
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6. North Africa Egypt used to be apart of the Ottoman Empire
Egypt gained their own independence
Their leader is Muhammad Ali- tries to modernize Egypt
With the help of the British and French they build the Suez canal (1869), The British then make moves to take over Egypt. They want the Suez canal to get closer to India.
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9. North Africa Great Britain bought Egypt’s share in the Suez Canal.
Britain suppressed an 1881 revolt against foreign influence, and Egypt became a British protectorate in 1915.
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11. Cecil Rhodes
was a British-born South African businessman, mining magnate, and politician.
He was the founder of the diamond company De Beers, which today controls 60% of the world's diamonds and at one time controlled 90% of the world's diamonds.
"all of these stars... these vast worlds that remain out of reach. If I could, I would annex other planets".[
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13. Cecil Rhodes
Rhodes directed British Policy in South Africa in the 1880s.
He named the territory north of the Transvaal Rhodesia, after himself.
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14. North Africa The French take over Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia
Italy gets kicked out of Ethiopia.Only European nation to successfully repeal European imperialism.
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15. Central Africa
Central Africa was first traveled by David Livingstone. For 30 years he trekked through uncharted regions.
When Livingstone disappeared, A newspaper sent Henry Stanley to find him. Finds him at Lake Tanganyika.
“Mr. Livingstone, I presume?”
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17. Livingstone was the first European to travel to the mouth of the Zambezi River and named Victoria Falls after the British Queen.
Livingstone’s primary goal was to find a navigable river that would open the center of Africa to European commerce.
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18. Central Africa
King Leopold II was the real driving force behind the colonization of Central Africa.
In 1876 he hired Henry Stanley to set up Belgian settlements in the Congo.
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19. East Africa
By 1875 Britain and Germany had become the chief rivals in East Africa.
Brutal to Africans
Germans move into most of Eastern Africa
Bismarck had downplayed the importance of colonies.
Bismarck became a convert to colonialism when more and more Germans called for a German Empire.
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20. South Africans European presence in South Africa grew rapidly.
First groups were the Boers (Means farmer in Dutch) or Afrikaners
Removed many indigenous (native to a region) peoples
Also the Boers battle the Zulus who were an indigenous people who had risen to prominence under their great ruler, Shaka.
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21. South Africa
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22. Boer War
Dutch and British fight each other over South Africa. (British Win)
Each side also fought the Zulu’s under the command of Shaka Zulu
Shaka was called the Napoleon of Africa
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24. South Africa
In 1910 the British created the independent Union of South Africa, combining the Cape Colony and the Boer republics.
This was a self-governing nation within the British Empire
To appease the Boers, the policy was that only whites could vote.
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25. Colonial Rule in Africa
1914- Liberia (which had been created by freed USA slaves) and Ethiopia were African nations free of European domination.
Britain relied on existing political elites and institutions to govern its colonies (another example of indirect rule).
Most other European governments used direct rule in Africa.
The French ideal was to assimilate the African peoples. They did not want to preserve African traditions.
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26. Review 1) What does the word annex mean? 2) Who was Cecil Rhodes?
3) Who was David Livingstone?
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