1. Chapter 10
A Divided Nation

2. Rap about Causes

3. Causes of Civil War
Slavery
State’s Rights
Different economies

4. 1 Economies Southern economy was based on agriculture.
King Cotton- requires lots of labor. The cotton gin will increase the need for more slaves.
Northern economy was based on trade and industry. Not a big need for slavery.
Most immigrants opposed slavery.

5. John C. Calhoun- Fought hard for state’s rights
John C. Calhoun- Fought hard for state’s rights. He did not want the federal government telling states how to run their business.

6. 2 The Debate over Slavery
Should the territory won from Mexico be open to slavery?
Wilmot Proviso wanted no slavery in the territories. Passed in the House, killed in the Senate.
Some wanted popular sovereignty to solve the issue. People in those territories would decide.
Free-Soil Party formed. No slavery in the new territories.

7. The Compromise of 1850
Created by the “Great Compromiser,” Henry Clay.
1. California enter as a free state.
2. Popular sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah.
3. An end to the slave trade but, not slavery, in the capital.
4. Called for a Fugitive Slave Act.
Passed in September with a few modifications.

9. 4 The Fugitive Slave Act Federal crime to help runaway slaves.
No trial by jury.
Accused slaves could not testify on their own behalf.
Commissioners received $5 for hearing a case, $10 for guilty verdicts.
Of the 343 cases, only 11 were freed.
Many blacks moved to Canada to be safe.
Most northerners disagreed with the law.

11. Northern states react
Personal Liberty Laws were passed by northern states to stop the Fugitive Slave Act

12. Antislavery Literature
Frederick Douglass’s Narratives
Sojourner Truth’s Narratives
Biggest influence was Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Sold 2 million copies in two years.

15. Trouble in Kansas
Popular sovereignty will lead to violence.

16. 7 The Kansas Nebraska Act
Divided the rest of the Louisiana Purchase into two territories, Kansas and Nebraska.
Popular sovereignty would decide whether or not slavery would exist in the territories.
Removed the Missouri Compromise line.
Antislavery northerners were upset with it.

18. Bleeding Kansas
Anti and pro slavery groups rushed to get people into the new territory.
In Kansas, both groups decided to have their own governments. Both groups also armed themselves.
700 proslavery men tore up the antislavery town of Lawrence.
In response, John Brown, an antislavery man, killed 5 proslavery men in Pottawatomie.
Over 200 men will be killed in Kansas.

20. 9 Violence Occurs in Congress
Northern senator Charles Sumner is attacked by southern senator Preston Brooks over an antislavery speech concerning Kansas.

21. Political Divisions
The issue of slavery will divide political parties.

22. New Divisions
Republican Party formed in opposition to slavery in the West. Opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

23. Sanford v. Scott
Dred Scott was a slave. His owner, Sanford, moved to a free territory.
Scott sued for his freedom on the basis of being in a free territory.
The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Sanford for two reasons,
1. Scott was a slave and had no right to sue a white man.
2. People do not lose ownership of their property because they moved to another place.

25. 11 The Lincoln – Douglass Debates
Lincoln, a Republican, was running for a senate spot against Douglass, a Democrat.
Lincoln who was against slavery, did not want slavery in the new territories.
Douglass wanted to allow for popular sovereignty to solve the issue. (Freeport Doctrine)

27. Secession
Confederate States of America

28. 12 The Raid on Harpers Ferry
John Brown wanted to start a slave uprising.
Led a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia. It was a federal arsenal. Wanted to distribute guns to slaves for them to fight for their freedom.

29. John Brown and his followers were hanged for treason.
North’s reaction- Sad, mourned his death.
South’s reaction- Happy but fearful, scared someone else may try the same thing.

31. 13 The Election of 1860 Southern Democrats backed John Breckinridge.
Constitutional Union Party backed John Bell.
Northern Democrats backed Stephen Douglass.
Republicans backed Abraham Lincoln.
Lincoln won even though he did not win a southern ballet. Angered the South.

34. Breaking the Union
Many southerners feared that Lincoln would end slavery.
Just days after Lincoln was elected, South Carolina started discussing secession.
The Constitution does not address secession. Southerners thought it would be OK to secede.
South Carolina was the first state to secede.

35. The Confederate States of America
On February 1, 1861, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas seceded from the Union.
On Feb. 4th, Those states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form the CSA.
Jefferson Davis was made president of the CSA.
The CSA constitution was very similar to the US constitution.

37. 1ST capital of the CSA Montgomery, AL

38. 15 Winston County, Alabama
A poor county with few slaves in it. Did not want Alabama to secede.
Met at Loony’s Tavern and voted to secede from Alabama.
Citizens fought on both sides of the war.