1. New Nations in Africa
Chapter 18

2. Africa: Negritude Movement
A movement to celebrate African culture, heritage, and values

3. Ghana: Kwame Nkrumah 1957 Independence from Great Britain
Non-violent strikes/ boycotts to gain freedom
Wanted Pan-Africanism
(one united Africa)

4. Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta 1963 independence from Great Britain
British resisted independence movement
Mau Mau used guerrilla tactics to fight British

5. Algeria: Ahmed Ben Bella
1962 independence from France
Since gaining independence the nation has been plagued by instability

6. Congo: Mobutu Sese Seko
1960 independence from Belgium
Resources were plundered by Europeans
Civil War and rebellion
Autocratic rule since gaining freedom

7. Angola: MPLA 1975 independence from Portugal
Violent fight for independence
Communists took control of the country