1. Voyages of European Exploration
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Voyages of European Exploration 16 17 17 17

2. The French Claim Canada
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The French Claim Canada
1608—Samuel de Champlain founded Québec
French empire eventually included St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Mississippi
French crown makes little effort to foster settlement
Fur trade underpinned economy
Indians became valued trading partners 18 19 19 19

3. The English Enter the Competition
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The English Enter the Competition
Claimed New World territory under Henry VIII (r )
England achieved preconditions for colonization under Elizabeth I 19 20 20 20

4. Birth of English Protestantism
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Birth of English Protestantism
Protestant Reformation played a major role in England’s rise to dominance
1517—Martin Luther sparked reform in Germany
1536—John Calvin’s Institutes published in Geneva
Reformation pitted European Protestants against Catholics 21 21 21 21

5. The English Reformation
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The English Reformation
Tudor monarchs brought political unity
Reformation under Henry Vlll (r ) strengthened Crown
Protestant reform accelerated under Edward VI (r )
Death of Mary I (r ) cut short English Catholic Counter-Reformation
Elizabeth I (r ) consolidated English Reformation 20 22 22 22

6. Woman in Power Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) a very capable monarch
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Woman in Power
Elizabeth I (r ) a very capable monarch
Elizabeth introduced Via Media
Protestant Doctrine
“Catholic” Ritual
Ended religious turmoil in England
Elizabeth’s excommunication by Pope prompted Spanish crusade against England
England aligned with Protestant nations against Catholic powers 20 22 22 22

7. Religion, War, and Nationalism
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Religion, War, and Nationalism
Spanish hostility made Elizabeth the symbol of English, Protestant nationhood
Sea Dogs’ seizure of Spanish treasure made them English heroes
Elizabeth’s subjects raided Spain’s American empire
1588—Spanish Armada defeated 22 23 23 23

8. Irish Rehearsal for American Settlement
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Irish Rehearsal for American Settlement
English experiences in Ireland shaped how they would conquer the New World
To the English, the Irish were wild and barbaric
They would view Native Americans the same way 23 24 24 24

9. An Unpromising Beginning: Mystery at Roanoke
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An Unpromising Beginning: Mystery at Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh established Roanoke colony in 1584
He named the region Virginia after the Virgin Queen
The colony failed and Raleigh tried again in 1587
The colonists disappeared without a trace and their fate remains a mystery 26 25 25 25

10. Campaign to Sell America
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Campaign to Sell America
By 1600, no English settlements in New World
Richard Hakluyt advertised benefits of American colonization
Claimed that England needs American colonies 26 25 25 25