1. PIA 2501 Development Policy and Management
Week Eight

2. Next Week’s Discussion
Danielle’s Briefing

3. PIA 2501: Public Policy and Management
Week Eight:
NGOs, Community Dynamics
and Civil Society

4. Community Dynamics

5. Civil Society--Review
Networks of organizations, groups and individuals pursuing socio-economic interests
"Beyond the family but short of the state" (Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel )

6. The Focus of the Week ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS AND
DEVELOPMENT: THE ROLE OF NGOs

7. Tie Ins to NGOs and Civil Society
1. The Failed State
2. Decentralized Governance
3. Reconceptualization of Governance
4. Human Rights

8. “Socio-economic Status and Seniority in the New Jersey Brigade” 1775

9. Tie ins to NGOs 5. Development Promotion 6. Micro-Credit
7. Nature of the Beast

10. NGOs-Tie In 1: The Failed State
The Power of the Picture
VIDEO

11. Prologue- World Bank Mission
Local Governance and Civil Society in Guinea Conakry (Stakeholder Analysis- March, 2006)
A Collapsed State
Creation of a Poverty Alleviation Fund- includes Micro-Credit
Design Capacity for Service Delivery
Need for Predictable Governance and stable Civil Society

12. Governance Issues IMPACT NGO Work
THE TIE IN-1- Failure of the State System
Governance Issues IMPACT NGO Work

13. The Hard State

14. Political Cartoon Remembering the 1960s

15. TIE IN-2
NGOs and Civil Society Tie into Decentralized Governance

16. Civil Society as a Dependent Variable

17. Decentralization and Civil Society: A Grassroots Perspective
Governance /
Democracy
NGOs
Women’s Focused
Groups
Target Group
Communication
and
Support
Civic
Education
Rural
Credit
Rural
Industries
Land
Grassroots
Organizations

18. State Societal Linkages: Redux
Central State - Macro
Weak
Strong
SOFT STATE…………………………….PREDATORY STATE
Mezzo-Intermediate
State-Weak
Strong
Mono-State…...INTERGOVERNMENTAL Systems in place.…..Local State
Civil Society - Micro
Weak
Strong
Local - SOFT STATE….………………LOCAL GOVERNMENT

19. Tie In-3

20. Tamil Protests and Sri Lanka’s Political Future

21. Civil Society Structures-1
NGOs, CBOs, (Community Based Orgs.) PVOs (Private Voluntary Organizations: Who do they represent?
Grassroots, interests, not for profits (neutrality)
Groups- Role of ethnicity, religion and class, vs. individual rights

22. World Ethnic Divisions

23. Civil Society Structures-2
Privatization as an NGO issue (Compete with Private Sector
Corporatism vs. Clientelism (NGOs vulnerable)
Organic VS. Individualist nature of society (Vincent Ostrom) (Civil Society sometimes seen as collectivist)
Establishing the rule of law
Roman vs. Common Law
What is the role of the individual

24. The Roman Empire

25. Tie In- 4- Human Rights Issues Review
Civil Society and Human Rights
"Human Rights, Basic Needs and the Stuff of Citizenship" (Anonymous)
Issue: First vs. Second and Third generation Human Rights and Civil Society

26. Sometimes a Great Notion

27. War, Drought, Agricultural Failure
Origins- Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
War, Drought, Agricultural Failure
Focus on Rural Development
Human Rights
Focus on Governance

29. Tie In 5: Rural Development Promotion

30. Goods for Good- A Malawi Based Organization (BUT?)

31. Andrew Carnegie championed the idea of strategic philanthropy: he thought it was better to give people a fishing rod than a fish.

32. Types of “Development” NGOs
Grassroots associations (local or village based)
Advocacy groups
Public Service Contractors

33. Types of “Development” NGOs
Philanthropy vs. Charity
Relief and Welfare Societies
Public Service Contractors
Populist based development agencies (national)

35. Micro-Credit Project in Ethiopia

36. Tie In-6: The Popularity of Micro-credit
Ann Dunham- Micro-credit specialist VIDEO
Grameen Bank
Nobel Prize for Peace (2006)
Micro-credit: The New
Orthodoxy
The Concept and the Controversy
Links to Traditional Savings Banks

37. Micro-Credit will be Popular

38. Ten Minute Break

39. NGOs- THE NATURE OF THE BEAST

40. Tie in 7- NGOs--The Nature of the Beast
Non-Profits vs. For Profits
Not for Profits- More value directed
Private Voluntary
Organizations (PVOs)
Community Based
Organizations (CBOs)
Foundations

41. NGOs-The Nature of the Beast-2
Civic Associations (Civics)
Interest Groups
Quangos
Trade Unions
Religious Organizations

42. Northern Pakistan

43. International NGOs- Care Catholic Relief Services Save the Children
Amnesty International
Oxfam

44. Five Caveats: NGOs Usually excludes “for profits”
Issue of contractors- both for profits and non-profits
Includes both International and Local
Internationals are not universally loved

45. Not Universally Loved

46. Five Caveats, Cont.
Very often internationals are religious or charity based
Focus has been primarily on relief rather than development or civil society goals

47. Indigenous NGOs

48. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
NGOs--Areas of Perceived Advantage
Cost-effective
Small but efficient
Innovative
Staff loyalty and commitment

49. One View

50. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
NGOs--Perceived Advantage
Ideologically compatible with Development values
Links with poor
Image of populism

51. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Lack of local legitimacy
Donor driven
Inefficiency

53. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Amateurism
Leadership and continuity problems
Staffing problems
Self-serving-own objectives
Faith Based

54. Annual Meeting of World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

55. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Fixation on projects
Problems of replication
Lack of perceived accountability
Learning problems/lack of institutional memory

56. NGOs and Projects

57. Natural Disaster: Humanitarian Assistance and Human-Made Disaster
International NGOs—Weaknesses
Tensions with government institutions
Politically threatening
Ties with existing local elites
Inability of humanitarian organizations to transfer to new development orientation

59. Discussion and Debates
Lawrence Graham
Lawrence Graham- Brazil- Local Government
Monte Palmer- Egypt- Bureaucracy
Samuel P. Huntington- Culture Clash
The Picard Findings- Attitudes Botswana

60. Forthcoming Books- Next Week
V.S. Naipaul, Among the Believers
Jim Mayfield, Go to the People
China vs. Indonesia
Believers, Unbelievers
Secular vs. Religious Views of the World

61. From the University of Utah to Iraq
Jim Mayfield

62. Interview
Deborah Scroggins
VIDEO

63. Not Oprah’s Book of the Week Janine Wedel and Deborah Scroggins

64. Books of the Week Janine Wedel, Collision and Collusion
Deborah Scroggins, Emma’s War

65. Follow Up
Discussion and Debate