1. Chapter 24
Section 4

2. The North African Front
Same time as Stalingrad
Not enough troops yet to invade Europe
Launch Operation Torch instead
Invasion of Axis-controlled Northern Africa
Nov 1942 Allies landed in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers
Defeated Hitler’s Afrika Korps led by Rommel
Surrender May 1943
Control of North Africa boosts American morale, now can focus on Europe

3. Battle of Stalingrad Jan 1942 Hitler changes tactics Mid-summer 1942
German offensive to Moscow and Leningrad stalled
Hitler changes tactics
Seize oil rich fields in Caucasus Mts.
Capture Stalingrad
Mid-summer 1942
Luftwaffe bombing
September 1942
Nazi’s control 9/10 of Stalingrad
November 1942
Soviets launch counterattack, Germans freeze
February 2, 1943
German troops surrender
Victory marked turning point in the war in the east
Soviets began moving towards Germany

4. The Italian Campaign Summer 1943 capture Sicily
July 25, 1943 Mussolini stripped of power by King
However, Hitler re-installed Mussolini to power, fight 18 mo.
Hardest battle = Bloody Anzio
April 28, 1945 Mussolini killed by his own people while trying to flee to Switzerland, Allies control Italy

5. D-Day and Liberation of France
Plan = take Hitler by surprise on the Normandy Peninsula
Attack begins June 6, 1944
Largest land-sea-air operation in history
July 25, 1944 Gen. Omar Bradley starts air and land bombardment, Gen. George Patton advances Army
Aug 25, 1944 – Paris free from German occupation

6. The Battle of the Bulge October 1944 Americans capture Aachen
First German town to be captured
December 16 Germans attack Americans
German’s last ditch offensive
Americans receive a surrender demand form Germans
January 1945 Germans were pushed back
From that point on, Nazis could do little but retreat

7. Unconditional Surrender
April 25, 1945 SU stormed Berlin
April 29 – Hitler marries Eva Braun, prepares statement to German people
April 30 – Hitler allegedly shot himself, Eva swallows poison
May 8, 1945 = V-E day
First part of war over

8. Liberation of Death Camps
July 1944
Soviets first come across death camps
Majdanek Death Camp, Poland
SS work to bury and burn all evidence of crime
Soviets find world’s largest crematorium and a storehouse containing 800,000 shoes
“Living corpses” freed across Europe

9. War in the Pacific April 1942, Bataan June 1942, Midway
Douglas MacArthur and the Allies held out for four months against invading Japanese forces before abandoning the peninsula.
Chester W. Nimitz and the Americans turned back the Japanese invasion force headed for Hawaii

10. War in the Pacific August 1942, Guadalcanal October 1944, Leyte Gulf
MacArthur and Americans dealt Japan its first defeat on land
MacArthur and the Americans retook the Philippines and dealt a devastating blow to the Japanese navy.

11. War in the Pacific March 1945, Iwo Jima June 1945, Okinawa
MacArthur and the Allies in a fierce battle took the island from the Japanese
MacArthur and the Allies took the island from Japan

12. Hirohito, MacArthur – Japan formally surrendered
War in the Pacific
September 1945, Tokyo Bay
Hirohito, MacArthur – Japan formally surrendered

13. August 1945, Hiroshima, Nagasaki
The Science of War
August 1945, Hiroshima, Nagasaki
July 1945, Los Alamos
J. Robert Oppenheimer; the first atomic bomb was built, successfully completing the Manhattan Project
Truman; first atomic bombs were dropped