1. The Crisis Deepens
Section 3

2. Stephen Douglas introduced a bill to set up govt. in Nebraska territory
1. divided into two territories –Kansas and Nebraska
2. settlers living in each territory would decide the issue of slavery (popular sovereignty)
Southern leaders supported. Felt slave owners from MO would move into Kansas.
Pres. Franklin Pierce supported the bill and pushed it through Congress
I. Kansas –Nebraska Act

3. 1. Northerners did not like it - MO
1. Northerners did not like it - MO. Compromise banned slavery in Kansas and Nebraska
2. New bill would repeal MO compromise.
3. Opponents of slavery were angry. Slavery could now move to areas that had been free for more than 30 years.

4. II. Crisis turns violent
A. After the Passage of the Kansas – Nebraska Act proslavery and antislavery supporters rushed to Kansas
B. New arrivals were farmers moving to acquire cheap land . Very few owned slaves
C. Thousands of proslavery supporters, known as border ruffians, crossed over into Kansas to vote.
Border Ruffians- proslavery groups from Missouri who crossed the border to fight with antislavery groups

5. D. In the Spring of 1855, a Proslavery legislature was elected
D. In the Spring of 1855, a Proslavery legislature was elected. -Only 1,500 voters lived in the area, more than 6,000 cast ballots in the elections E. New Legislature passed laws to support slavery 1. help slaves escape-could be put to death 2. speak out against slavery- punishment by two years hard labor F. Antislavery settlers refused to accept these laws. They elected their own governor and legislature

6. 3. Antislavery forces led by John Brown soon retaliated.
G. Bleeding Kansas.
1. In May 1856, 800 pro-slavery supporters attacked the antislavery capital of Lawrence.
2. They destroyed the town by burning hotels and the home of the governor.
3. Antislavery forces led by John Brown soon retaliated.
a. Brown believed God had chosen him to end slavery
b. Brown, his 4 sons and two other men killed 5 supporters of slavery
4. This led to both sides engaging in guerrilla tactics (hit and run) . By 1856, 200 were dead

7. III. Violence in the Senate
The violence that erupted in Kansas spilled over into congress.
Senator Charles Sumner was delivering a passionate speech called “ The Crime Against Kansas” where he attacked proslavery forces in Kansas.
He also attacked proslavery senators, mainly Andrew Butler
2 days after the speech, Butler’s nephew, Rep. Preston Brooks attacked Sumner with a cane . Hit him in the head, and shoulders.
Sumner’s injuries were so bad he could not return to the Senate for several years.
III. Violence in the Senate

9. Enslaved African American bought by an Army doctor from Missouri.
1830- the Doctor moved his household from Missouri( slave state) to Illinois ( free state) then to Wisconsin Territory ( slavery was banned)
Later the Doctor and his household moved back to Missouri, where the Doctor died.
1846 -Scott, with the help of antislavery lawyers sued for his freedom
-Scott claimed he should be free because he had once lived on free soil.
IV. Dred Scot Case

10. E. Supreme Court Decision
1. The court ruled on the case in 1857 a. Said Scott was still a slave, as a slave Scott was not a citizen and could not sue. b. Just because Scott lived on free soil,that did not make him free. An enslaved person was property and the 5th Amendment prohibits Congress from taking away property without “due process” 2. Court wrote that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in any territory, which made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. a. He went further and said that not even voters could make that decision because it would take away a person’s property
E. Supreme Court Decision

11. 1. Rather than the decision solving the slavery issue, it divided the country even more. 2. The South was pleased with the ruling because it reaffirmed that the South had the right when it came to slavery. 3. White Northerners were shocked, many hoped that slavery would die out if restricted to just the South. 4. Republicans and antislavery groups were crushed by the decision
F. Nation reacts to case