1. CLONING
Sun Hwa Dong

2. Cloning Cloning: producing identical copies of genes, cells, organisms
Clone: product
“desirable combination of characteristics”
Pathogenesis, Reproductive, Molecular, Cloning in stem cell research

3. Cloning using a differentiated animal cell
1. Take cultured udder cells from donor sheep.
2. Take unfertilized egg cells from another sheep.
3. Remove the nucleus from each cell using micropipette.

4. 4. The egg cells fused with donor cells by a pulse of electricity.
5. They develop like zygotes (initial cell) and become embryos.
6. Implant the embryos in the womb of a surrogate mother.
7. DOLLY !!
REPRODUCTIVE CLONING

6. Cloning using undifferentiated cells
Making copies of cells with undifferentiated cells
Stem cell research
= Therapeutic Cloning

7. Therapeutic Cloning in Humans
Embryonic stem cells:
Divide, differentiate into any cell types
Tissue/ Organ replacement

8. For
Against
Save lives, reduce suffering by therapies
Embryo = potential human being
Cells removed from embryos that stopped developing and would die
More embryo produced than needed so some may have to be killed
Cells removed when embryos can’t feel pain without nerve cells
Embryonic stem cells → tumor cells

9. Human Genome Project Human genome → 25000-30000 genes
To find the location of all genes on chromosomes and base sequence of all DNA that makes up them
Allows to:
1. Study how genes influence human development
2. Identify genetic diseases
3. Produce new drugs
4. Have new insights into origins, evolution, migrations of humans

10. Vocabulary Clone Cloning
Zygote: initial cell formed when a new organism is produced by means of sexual reproduction
Reproductive cloning
Therapeutic cloning
Human genome project

11. Bibliography Study Guide p 32 Course Companion p 165
Pearson HL p