1. Rise of the Berlin Wall

2. Russian British Zone Zone American Zone French Zone
Germany was divided between the winners after WWII
Berlin, the capital city,
was also divided
British
Zone
Russian
Zone
Berlin
American
Zone
French
Zone

3. East Germany Germany West Germany
Great Britain, France and the US later wanted to re-unite all of Germany
The Soviets said, no!
So in the late 1940s, two countries emerged
East
Germany
Germany
Berlin
West
Germany

4. Berlin was entirely inside the Soviet zone
Berlin was also divided between East and West
The Soviets were bothered by West Berlin being inside their territory
The Soviets wanted this “island of freedom” out of East Germany

5. June 1961: JFK and Khrushchev meet to discuss Berlin
Went poorly
JFK asked Congress to build US military, build fallout shelters

6. Quietly write down what you think this symbolizes or what it means
Don’t tell anyone

8. Fallout Shelter
What is a fallout shelter and what is its purpose? Summarize some details from the clip.
5-6 sentences

9. Khrushchev wants Western powers out of Berlin
Build the wall in 1961
Keep East Berliners out of West Berlin

10. Purpose of the Wall
Many people in East Berlin saw that life in West Berlin was much better and that people in West Berlin had much more freedom.
From 1949 to 1961, as many as 2.6 million people escaped to West Germany or West Berlin.
To prevent more people from fleeing Communist control into West Germany, East Germany erected the Berlin Wall, completely encircling West Berlin.
The purpose was to cut off West Berlin from the rest of East Germany.

11. What Did It Represent?
The border was a physical representation of Winston Churchill’s metaphor of an Iron Curtain, separating Eastern and Western Germany during the Cold War. It marked the boundary between the two ideologies – Communism and Democracy

12. What Were the Impacts of the Wall?
The wall separated families. Once the wall was erected no one was allowed to cross it. This meant that if families lived in different districts of Germany, they could no longer see each other.
The Communists felt that the Wall was a protective shell around East Berlin.
However, some felt that it was more like a prison wall.

13. JFK visited the Berlin Wall in June 1963

14. Two thousand years ago, the proudest boast was "civis Romanus sum
Two thousand years ago, the proudest boast was "civis Romanus sum." Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast is "Ich bin ein Berliner."
There are many people in the world who really don't understand, or say they don't, what is the great issue between the free world and the Communist world.
Let them come to Berlin.

15. There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future.
Let them come to Berlin.
And there are some who say, in Europe and elsewhere, we can work with the Communists.
And there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress.
Lass' sie nach Berlin kommen. Let them come to Berlin.

16. Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect
Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect. But we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in -- to prevent them from leaving us.
So let me ask you as I close, to lift your eyes beyond the dangers of today, to the hopes of tomorrow, beyond the freedom of merely this city of Berlin, or your country of Germany, to the advance of freedom everywhere, beyond the wall to the day of peace with justice, beyond yourselves and ourselves to all mankind.

17. Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free
Freedom is indivisible, and when one man is enslaved, all are not free. When all are free, then we can look forward to that day when this city will be joined as one and this country and this great Continent of Europe in a peaceful and hopeful globe. When that day finally comes, and it will, the people of West Berlin can take sober satisfaction in the fact that they were in the front lines for almost two decades.

18. All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin, and, therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words “Ich bin ein Berliner.”

19. Quick Write
Summarize JFK’s main points in the speech given in Berlin. Did Kennedy condemn (attack) the building of the wall? 5-6 sentences

20. Write a letter
I would like you to assume the role of either a person living in East Berlin or a person who has escape East Berlin.
Then write a letter to a family member or friend who is on the other side of the wall.
Be creative! Some focus areas:
What types of emotion are involved?
Are you happy with the form of government?
What kind of job do you have or how much money do you make compared to others?
Do you feel free or trapped?
What are your feeling about the Wall?