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Parasites of Dogs and Cats Part 2: Arthropods and Protozoa
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Insects Trichodectes canis (Biting louse) Linognathus setosus (Sucking louse) Ctenocephalides (Flea) Cuterebra (Rodent Bot Fly)
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Trichodectes canis (Biting louse) Found as felicola sustratus in the cat Cause roughened hair coat, itching and dermatitis May act as intermediate host to Dipylidium caninum
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Linognathus setosus (Sucking louse of dogs) Causes skin irritation, itching, dermatitis, alopecia, anemia, roughened hair coat Usually transmitted by direct contact, but all life stages may be transmitted by fomites Are species specific
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Ctenocephalides (Flea) Infest dogs and cats Vector for Dipylidium caninum, tularemia, plague, etc. Die at temperatures below 20 F for 48 hours or at temperatures above 120 for several days Over 200 species of fleas worldwide Severe infestations can cause anemia
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Cuterebra (Rodent Bot Fly) Infests rodents, companion animals and occasionally humans Larval stage that infests skin Acts as an irritant Migration may be fatal Have a cutaneous lump with a breathing hole Use care when extracting as crushing larva may result in anaphylaxis
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Arachnids Sarcoptes scabiei (Scabies) Demodex canis (Demodectic mange) Otodectes cynotis (Ear mites) Cheyletiella (Walking dander mite) Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick) Dermacentor variabilis (American Dog tick) Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick)
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Sarcoptes Scabiei (Scabies) Found as Notoedres cati in cats Causes intense itching, dry and thickened skin. Is contagious to humans and other pets Mites burrow under the skin so may be difficult to diagnose Diagnose through a skin scraping Usually have “ventral blowout”
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Demodex canis (Demodectic Mange) Rare in cats Causes areas of alopecia on head, neck, forelimbs. Can be localized or generalized. Diagnosed with skin scraping. Is not contagious Small numbers considered normal on skin flora Genetic predisposition
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Otodectes cynotis (Ear mites) Intense pruritis of the ear canal. Can be found on any area of the body Feed on epidermal debris and are easily transmitted
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Cheyletiella (Walking Dander mite) Causes mild alopecia and pruritis May cause dermatitis in humans Ingest keratin debris and tissue fluids Have enormous hook like accessory mouthparts Are visible to the naked eye
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Rhipicephalus sanuineus (Brown dog tick) Vector for canine babesiosis and canine ehrlichiosis May cause anemia or tick paralysis when found in large numbers
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Dermacentor Variabilis (American Dog Tick) Feeds on small mammals but can also feed on dogs and humans Vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, tularemia, and can cause tick paralysis in animals and humans
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Anblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick) Gets name from white spot on apex of scutum Feeds on animals and humans May be vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and tularemia. Vector of Ehrlichia
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Protozoa Neospora caninum (Neospora) Isopora (Coccidia) Giardia canis (Giardia) Toxoplasma gondii (Toxo) Sarcocystis (Sarcocystis)
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Neospora caninum (Neospora) Transmitted transplacentally or orally May cause ascending paralysis A type of coccidia
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Isopora (Coccidia) Diarrhea in kittens and puppies. May be fatal One of most commonly diagnosed protozan disorders in puppies and kittens. Rarely a problem in mature animals Very small in comparison to other parasites
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Toxoplasma gondii (Toxo) May cause transient diarrhea in cats Highly pathogenic to humans, especially fetus in utero
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Sarcocystis Not very pathogenic in cats Very pathogenic in sheep
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Giardia canis (Giardia) Causes diarrhea Occur as cysts or trophozoites in fecal flotation. May also be tested for through a snap test now available.
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