1. Chapter 15 Societies and Empires of Africa 800-1500

2. Vocabulary I Linage: Common ancestors
Stateless Societies: cultures based on ancestral linage instead of government
Ghana: The first west African kingdom based on Gold/Salt trade
Mali: West African kingdom based on Gold/Universities/Mansa Musa
Sundiata:1st Great leader of Mali. Cruel and unpopular.

3. Vocabulary II
Mansa Musa: Islamic Mali King. Hajj. Built Mosques/University at Timbuktu
Ibn Battuta: African Marco Polo. 27 years of travel in the Muslim World
Songhai: West African kingdom that took over Mali. Muslim rulers. Lacked modern weapons.
Benin: African Culture on the Niger River. Bronze/Brass artifacts
Swahili: Arabic Language diffused with Bantu language
Great Zimbabwe: South East African Trade city. Gold/Trade hub.

4. Geography of Africa

6. North and Central African Societies
Chapter 15:1

7. North and Central African Societies
Hunter-Gathering Societies
Matrilineal vs. Patrilineal
Most societies are patrilineal or traced ancestry through father
Hunter-Gatherer = nomadic
Most northern and central African societies were nomadic due to harsh climate (too dry or rainforest)

8. Islamic Influence Islamic influence Rise of Islam in Africa
Mostly along northern and eastern coasts; introduced to Africa through trade and conquest
Brought Islamic law and traditions to Africa as well as written language (Arabic)

9. African Societies Stateless Societies Muslim States
S.S. are based on families/clans
They serve as the government
Patrilineal: Father
Matrilineal: Mother
Age Set System
Right of passage based on age!!
Maghri(e)b: Northern Africa/Mediterranean
Islamic Law runs life/government

10. Main Idea Questions
What sorts of food did the Efe hunt and gather in the Iturbi Forest?
What different purposes does the age-set system serve in African societies?
What role did Islam play in the political history of Northern Africa?

11. West African Civilization
15:2

12. Empires of Gold and Salt
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Gold/Salt Trade
Trade for Gold and Salt along Niger River and trans-Saharan trade routes made all three kingdoms flourish
Trade was single most important factor for success of all three kingdoms

14. Influence of Islam
Islam brought to Africa along the trans-Saharan trade routes
Islam was practiced by all major west African rulers
Blended Islam with native African Religions

16. Important West Africans
Mansa Musa
Led kingdom of Mali during Golden Age
Went on famous pilgrimage to Mecca 1324
Control of Gold and Salt Trade (100,000 men)
Built the city of Timbuktu – the most famous trade city of Mali/University

17. Ibn Battuta “Muslim Marco Polo”
Traveled the length of the Muslim World during 1500s, wrote accounts of each Muslim country he visited
Most important primary source for historians on Muslim countries during the late Middle Ages

18. Kingdom of Benin
Located south of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai on West African coast
Isolated due to location away from major river
Known for distinctive African artwork free from foreign influence

19. Main Idea Questions How did Ghana’s gold-salt trade work?
How did Sunni Ali build an Empire?
What form of government was typical of Hausa city-states?

20. Eastern City-States and Southern Empires
Chapter 15:3

22. East Coast Trade Cities
Indian Ocean Trade Network
Stretched from Indonesia and China in the east to Africa in the west
Kilwa, Mogadishu, and Mombassa most important trade cities in east Africa
Traded ivory, gold, and slaves

23. Islamic Influences Islamic Influences
Most city-states ruled by Muslims and followed Islamic Law
Arabic language combined with Bantu to form Swahili

24. Southern Africa and Great Zimbabwe
From , this city controlled inland Africa
Many ruins are left from this site, including huge city structures and walls
Considered to be African culture most free from outside influence

25. Europeans arrive in Africa
Portuguese
Arrived along African coast in the late 1400’s
Built trade forts along African coast and captured many trade cities
Brought European influence to Africa including Christianity
Began European slave trade by exploiting existing slave trade

27. Main Idea Questions How did the Swahili Language develop?
How was Islam introduced to East Africa?
How did the people of Great Zimbabwe positively interact with their environment?