1. Mass per unit volume of a substance
Density
Mass per unit volume of a substance

2. Density: the amount of matter in a given space, or volume.
Density = Mass/Volume

3. Physical Properties
Extensive physical properties depend on the amount (extent) of matter present
Examples: length, volume and mass
Intensive physical properties are intrinsic (fundamental) and do not depend on the amount of material present
Examples: color, malleability, ductility, boiling point
Can be used to identify a substance

4. Is density an extensive or intensive property?

5. Density May change at higher temperatures
Unit of density is grams/cubic centimeter or g/cm3
Unique so can be used to identify matter

6. Review Mass: the amount of matter in an object
Volume: the amount of space an object takes up
Density = Mass
Volume
Remember: “Density will break your heart”

7. Density of a rectangular solid
Using the metric ruler, measure length, width and height of the object
Find the mass of the solid.
Use the formula: Volume = length x width x height
Density = mass/volume

8. Displacement: density of an irregular object
Find the mass of the object.
Place some water in the graduated cylinder and record the volume.
Carefully add the object.
Read the new volume.
Subtract the old volume from the new volume.
Density = mass/volume

9. Density of Liquids
Immiscible: liquids that are insoluble in one another
Density of water = 1 g/cm3
To determine:
Find the mass of the empty graduated cylinder
Find the mass of the graduate + liquid
2 - 1 = mass of liquid
Read the volume of the liquid
Density = mass/volume

10. Physical Properties, continued
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Properties, continued
Using Density to Identify Substances Look at the table below to compare densities of several common substances.

11. Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties

12. Physical Properties, continued
Chapter 2
Section 2 Physical Properties
Physical Properties, continued
Liquid Layers The graduated cylinder below contains six liquids. Each liquid is a different density so the liquids form layers.
Density of Solids Knowing the density of a substance can also tell you what kind of substance it is.

13. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What could you use to tell pyrite (fool’s gold) and gold apart?
A volume
B density
C mass
D state

14. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. What could you use to tell pyrite (fool’s gold) and gold apart?
A volume
B density
C mass
D state

15. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What do you think would happen if you placed a nugget of pyrite into a beaker of mercury?
F The pyrite would sink.
G The pyrite would dissolve.
H The mercury and the pyrite would react.
I The pyrite would float.

16. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. What do you think would happen if you placed a nugget of pyrite into a beaker of mercury?
F The pyrite would sink.
G The pyrite would dissolve.
H The mercury and the pyrite would react.
I The pyrite would float.

17. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If a nugget of pyrite and a nugget of gold each have a mass of 50 g, what can you conclude about the volume of each nugget?
A The volume of pyrite is greater than the volume of gold.
B The volume of pyrite is less than the volume of gold.
C The volumes of the substances are equal.
D There is not enough information to determine the answer.

18. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If a nugget of pyrite and a nugget of gold each have a mass of 50 g, what can you conclude about the volume of each nugget?
A The volume of pyrite is greater than the volume of gold.
B The volume of pyrite is less than the volume of gold.
C The volumes of the substances are equal.
D There is not enough information to determine the answer.

19. Chapter 2 4. Which substance has the lowest density? F helium G pyrite
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Which substance has the lowest density?
F helium
G pyrite
H mercury
I gold

20. Chapter 2 4. Which substance has the lowest density? F helium G pyrite
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Which substance has the lowest density?
F helium
G pyrite
H mercury
I gold

21. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Imagine that you have discovered a new element, and you want to find its density. It has a mass of 78.8 g and a volume of 8 cm3. To find the density of the element, you must divide the element’s mass by its volume. What is the density of the element?
A g/cm3
B 0.98 g/cm3
C 9.85 g/cm3
D g/cm3

22. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
1. Imagine that you have discovered a new element, and you want to find its density. It has a mass of 78.8 g and a volume of 8 cm3. To find the density of the element, you must divide the element’s mass by its volume. What is the density of the element?
A g/cm3
B 0.98 g/cm3
C 9.85 g/cm3
D g/cm3

23. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Many soft drinks come in bottles that contain about 590 mL. If the density of a soft drink is 1.05 g/mL, what is the mass of the drink?
F g
G g
H g
I g

24. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
2. Many soft drinks come in bottles that contain about 590 mL. If the density of a soft drink is 1.05 g/mL, what is the mass of the drink?
F g
G g
H g
I g

25. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If you have 150 g of pure gold and the density of gold is g/cm3 , what is the volume of your gold nugget?
A cm3
B 7.76 cm3
C 0.98 cm3
D 0.13 cm3

26. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
3. If you have 150 g of pure gold and the density of gold is g/cm3 , what is the volume of your gold nugget?
A cm3
B 7.76 cm3
C 0.98 cm3
D 0.13 cm3

27. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Three objects have a mass of 16 g each. But their volumes differ. Object A, a liquid, has a volume of 1.2 mL. Object B, a solid, has a volume of 3.2 cm3. Object C, another solid, has a volume of 1.9 cm3. Which object is the least dense?
F object A
G object B
H object C
I There is not enough information to determine the answer.

28. Chapter 2
Standardized Test Preparation
4. Three objects have a mass of 16 g each. But their volumes differ. Object A, a liquid, has a volume of 1.2 mL. Object B, a solid, has a volume of 3.2 cm3. Object C, another solid, has a volume of 1.9 cm3. Which object is the least dense?
F object A
G object B
H object C
I There is not enough information to determine the answer.