1. Ancient Greece
B.C.E.

2. Greek geography
Greece is a mountainous peninsula with hundreds of islands in the Mediterranean Sea
Communities were isolated
Developed differently
Fought frequently
No community is farther than 85 miles from coast = ?
Emphasis on navy and coastal trade

4. Geography and Economics
Advanced navy and ships (Greeks skilled sailors)
Trade around Mediterranean

5. Geography and Technology Terraced farming

6. Geography and Politics
Small, isolated communities  Polis (city- states)
Acropolis was seat of religious temples and government
Rest of city was built in the valley
Landowning men held all the political power

7. Social Structure Patrilineal – line of descent through the father
Elite, landowning males were citizens
Slaves made up ¾ of society

8. Unifying Force = Greek Culture
The Greeks were the original Olympians.

9. Greek Religion Polytheistic Based off a family of gods
Each god represented a different aspect of life or nature

10. Intellectual Accomplishments
Adopted and adapted Phoenician alphabet
Word alphabet comes from the Greek letters alpha and beta
Common language united the often divided Greeks

11. Greek Technology and Architecture
Greeks invented arches and columns.

12. Greek Architecture

13. Greek Technology The Greeks invented: the crane – late 6th century BCE
The catapult

14. Greek Military Hoplite: a Greek infantry soldier
Hoplites were middle- class freemen who had to pay for their own weapon and shield
Lessened class divides because the everyday man could protect their city-state

15. Athens vs. Sparta

16. Where would you call home?
Given the choice, would you live in a world that honors strength, soldiers and power? Or, would you live in a place that honors education, art, philosophy and new ideas?

17. Sparta Rejected trade and other outside influence
Spartan society valued bravery, strength, and soldiers
Boys were sent to military school at a young age.
Those that can’t contribute= Cast out of society.

18. Spartan Women Spartan women expected to be healthy and strong
When men were at war, women took over control
More rights than many other Greek city-states

19. Spartan Govt. Ruled by an oligarchy
A govt. ruled by a few elite
Had 2 kings and a council of elders
Citizens were male, native-born Spartans over the age of 30

20. Spartan Military-Professional
Phalanx: military formation. Soldiers stood close together and created a pod with their shields, then attacked with 10 ft. long spears. Hard for opposition to infiltrate

21. Athens
Trade center that focused on individual thought, the arts, philosophy, and education

22. Political Structure Democracy: Demos = people Kratos = power
Athens= direct democracy
Citizens vote on everything. (citizens were male land- owners)
U.S. TODAY=representative democracy
We vote for representative who vote and make decisions for us.

23. Political Structure Basic principles of democracy traced to Athens:
Majority Rule
Civic Debate
Impartial Juries
Rule of Law
Legislature (Council of 500)

24. Society Values Well rounded education
Cultural Center: art and architecture
Trading center
Welcomed new ideas

25. Women in Athens No share in political life Women managed the household
Received no formal education
Aristotle said “ the man is by nature fitter for command than the female, just as an older person is superior to a younger, immature person”

26. Athens v. Sparta